80 SharePoint Interview Question and Answer

1. What is SharePoint? 
 Microsoft SharePoint is an enterprise collaboration and content management platform which enables users to connect each other and share the information across an organization. Indirectly this solves the problems in an organization to share the documents, security, business process, maintaining data etc. SharePoint 2010 has rich UI and plenty of features.

2. What is the Farm in SharePoint?

1. Farm is a collection of SharePoint servers having the same configuration database.
2. Configuration DB stores all the required information to run the farm.
3. Each farm is administered through a central administration
4. There is only one configuration database per farm.

3. What is web Application in SharePoint?

1. In SharePoint Web Application is an IIS website.
2. From Central Admin we can create the web application. Each web application is associated with one IIS web site.
3. Once the web application is created, we can extend the web application in different zones.
4. For each web application, content database is created.

4. What is a site collection in SharePoint?

1. A site collection is a set of web sites.
2. Every site collection has top-level site, created when the site collection is created.
3. There might be multiple site collections in web application and each site collection may have a multiple child sites.

5. What is web part?and type

Web Parts are the fundamental building blocks for Share Point user interface, and with them we can build and integrate many different types of applications. In share point also be create custom web part using .ascx control
steps create custom web part
1.create web part project copied .ascx control and build application. place .dll file in GAC .reset IIS.
2.go 12 hive _layout folder create folder past your .ascx control
3.go inetpub ->wwwroot->wss->open Your site ->web con fig->create safe control write assembly information of web part application
4.open sharepoint site ->site action-site editing->Galleries ->web part->new Add your web part.
follow few web part in WSS 3.0
 Content Editor Web Part ,Data View Web Part ,List View Web Part ,Image Web Part ,Members Web Part ,Page Viewer Web Part

6. What is Sandbox solution?

When user writing custom code then it is not trusted its failure causes on entire site. So the sandbox solution concept is used. In that case program is only written for particular site & solution is uploaded in the same site. The solution size limit is decided at the time of site creation & if size increases or code showing bad performance then it is easy to administrator to stop the working of solution.

7. What is the difference between Sandbox solution & farm solution?

We can create sandbox solution for particular site but not for the entire site collection or farm. It is not applicable for farm solution. There are some restrictions while creating the sandbox solution.

8. What is Ghosted and Unghosted Page in SharePoint?

A ghosted page is a page in SharePoint website which is not stored in the database instead it reference to a file which exists in the server’s file system. These reference files are common for all the website/site collection within that SharePoint server, i.e., if you modify a reference file then that change will reflect in all the websites/site collections within that SharePoint server automatically. So we can say these reference files are used as template.

The default master page of SharePoint “default.master” is a well known example of ghosted page. “default.master” page is located in the directory "C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\12\TEMPLATE\Global". If you do some changes in the “default.master” then this change will automatically reflect in all the websites within that SharePoint server.

To create a new site in SharePoint, a site template is used. Site template contains description of all the pages, webparts within the pages, master page used, custom lists, etc. for the web site to be created. You can define a page ghostable in the “onet.xml” file of the site template.

Unghosted Page in SharePoint

All the pages in a SharePoint website which are stored in the content database are referred as unghosted pages. All the unghosted pages are specific to that SharePoint website only, i.e., changes done in an unghosted pages will not reflect in other websites within that SharePoint server.

If a new website is created with a site template which contains a page defined as “unghostable” in the “onet.xml”, then that page will be stored in the content database of new website created and will not reference to the page available in the site template folder.

If a ghosted page is modified in the SharePoint designer, it will become unghosted. For example if a master page is customized in SharePoint Designer, SharePoint stores a modified version of the master page in the content database and also it breaks the reference to the “default.master” file on the “C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\12\TEMPLATE\Global“

9. What is the difference between Site Definition and Site template?

1. To create or use site definition you need server admin access, but site template can install from web UI by site owners. 
2. Site definition supports feature stapling, but for site template additional features must be activated in gallery. 
3. Site definitions are stored in hard disk, but site templates are stored in content DB. 
4. Site definition can provision multiple webs, but site templates for single web only. 
5. Creating site definition is relatively complex then site template creation.

10.What is BDC and how it is differ from BCS?

BDC (Business Data Catalogue) is use to connect an external database and view it in share point.
BCS (Business connectivity Services) is new in SharePoint2010. Using BDC one can only read from external Database, but using BCS one can read and write into the external Database.

11.What is Web Part life Cycle?

Web Part Life Cycle starts with, OnInit- to configure the webpart,
OnLoad- to load add controls, CreateChildControls- It is use to create controls and set its property.
LoadViewState- The view state of the web part is populated over here.
OnPreRender- it is use to change the web part properties.
RenterContents- it generate the output in html.
OnUnLoad- to unload the web part, Dispose- to free the memory.

12.Explain the Share Point Architecture.?

Having 3 layers, like 3 tire architecture
1. WFE <Front End Web Server>  2. Application Layer  3. Data base Layer
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1. WFE :-
Here we have share point Installed.
We have 12-hive structure & virtual drives.
Here IIS web sites are hosted.
Here servers are clustered on & are in synch.

2. Application Lay er:-
Share Point provides different services.
This layer provides those services, like my site hosting, user profile & searching etc.
One server can be dedicated to particular service depend upon the scalability.

3. Data Base Layer :-
Here we have SQL server installed.
Here content DB is hosted.
For moss 2007, it is SQL server 2005. For Share Point 2010, it is SQL server 2008.
Here servers are clustered on & are in synch.

* Every layer has load balancer for control the traffic

13.How to deploy wsp ?

In Command prompt, navigate to the 12-hive bin folder, then write the command to add the solution i.e.
Stsadm -o addsolution -filename filelocation 

Then go to “central administration -> operations” under “global configuration” there is “solution management” click on that.

Then click on “wsp file name”, and then click on “deploy solution” for deploy it, for retrieve click on “retrieve solution”, for remove it click on “remove solution” after retrieve it.

14.Client Object Model vs Server Object Model in SharePoint 2010 ?

Using Client Object Model we can access the data from the system where SharePoint server is not installed on the machine via Web Services, API , JavaScript etc.

Whereas In Server Object Model is like a Production Server Environment to access the data where share point server installed on the machine

15.Discuss the differences between Library vs List ?

The major differences between both are:
Library is used to store the document whereas Lists are the container of similar items in the form of rows and columns.
In Library you can create core document like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. But in List You cannot create document, instead of that you can attach document in a particular List.

16.Mention the types of authentications available for SharePoint 2010 ?

The types of authentications that are available for SharePoint 2010 are of 3 types.
They are:
1) Claims Authentication,  2) Windows Authentication,  3) Forms-based Authentication

17.Explain the difference between Classic mode authentication and Claims-based authentication ?

Classic authentication will supports NT authentication types like Kerberos, NTLM, Basic, Digest, and anonymous.
Claims based authentication uses claims identities against a trusted identity provider.

18.What is meant by User Profile service?

The User Profile Service will allows you for configuring and managing User profile properties, Audiences, Profile synchronization settings, organization browsing and management settings, and My Site settings.

19.What is meant by Performance Point Services ?

The Performance Pint Services will allow the users to monitor and analyze a business by building dashboards, scorecards, and key performance indicators (KPIs).

20.What is meant by Secure Store Service (SSS) ?

Secure Store Service is nothing but a secure database for storing credentials that are associated with application IDs.

21.Mention some of the OOB features of SharePoint that aid with governance of an environment?

Some of the OOB features of SharePoint that aid with governance of an environment are discussed as folows:

1) Site templates – This feature is used for consistent branding, site structure, and layout which can enforce a set of customizations that are applied to a site definition.
2) Quotas – This will limits the amount of storage a site collection can use.
3) Locks - This feature will prevent users from either adding content to a site collection or using the site collection.
4) Web application permissions and policies – This feature is used for comprehensive security settings that apply to all users and groups for all site collections within a Web application.
5) Self-service site creation - This feature will enables the users to create their own site collections, thus must be incorporated into a governance scheme.

22.What are event receivers or event Handlers in SharePoint ?

Event Receivers or Event handlers are created to handle the basic actions or events against an item,list\library, a web or a site.
There are two kinds of events in sharepoint. They are:
1) Synchronous Events: Like Itemadding (not added yet), Uploading (document not uploaded yet) etc.
2) Asynchronous Events: ItemAdded (after item is added), Uploaded(after a document is uploaded)

Events receivers can be written to override an event.
For e.g. ItemAdded event to change the name of an Item once it is added.

.What is meant by stsadm ?

It is a Command-line tool used for administration of Office SharePoint 2007 (or MOSS 2007) servers and sites. Basic operations like adding a solution or installing activating and feature is usually done by stsadm

24.Where is stsadm located ?

The stsadm is located in the below given path.
C:\Program Files\Common Files\ shared\web server extensions\12\bin

25.What are Site Columns ?

Site columns are pre-defined data columns which are re-used in various content types. A Content type is usually a collection of site columns.
For e.g. you can create a site column "Category" with a choice datatype along with the pre-defined values "It","Hr". This column then can be added to any content type in your list or library

26.What is meant by a Site definition ?

A Site definition is a collection of Files. The files are such as ONET.XML which defines the Site template.
For e.g. Team Sites used to create a Site in SharePoit. All the out-of-box site Templates like Blog,Wiki,Team Site etc can be found in C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\12\TEMPLATE\

27.Why we use the properties.current.web instead of SPContext.Current.web in event receiver?

When we deploy project from Visual studio then we can use the SPContext.Current.web but when we use the powershell to activate or deactive the feature then we have to use properties.current.web beacuse there is no access of browser here.

28.What is SharePoint Delegate Control?

a. With the help of delegate control, we can take any OOB control of SharePoint and replace with our custom control without any modification in the SharePoint page. So that new custom control overrides the existing one.

b. So the delegate control provide one of the option to add control (either server control or user control) on a SharePoint page.
c. This is one of the important features of SharePoint, introduced in WSS v3 and so in MOSS 2007.
d. For example : In master page SearchBox control is included as
<SharePoint:DelegateControl runat="server" ControlId="SmallSearchInputBox" />
e. The above lines instantiate the delegate control object.
f. This delegate control object uses features to locate the control which is specified in ControlId. So there must be the features (it includes feature at any scope) which creates and deploys the Small Search Input Box control.

29.What are the Methods of Backup and Recovery in SharePoint 2010?

Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 provides a broad range of levels for performing backups, including the entire farm, farm configuration information, site collections, sub sites or lists.

SharePoint Server 2010 uses two different tools to configure backup and recovery.
1. Central Administration: Central Administration provides a user interface where SharePoint Administrators will be prompted via menu structures to select the information that needs to be backed up.
2. Windows PowerShell: Windows PowerShell is a command line tool that provides SharePoint administrators a way to perform backup and recovery with additional options such as file compression or working with SQL snapshots.

Listed below are a few of the benefits available when working with Windows PowerShell

Windows PowerShell scripts can be developed and scheduled (with Windows Task Scheduler), whereas Central Administration is used for single-use backups and restores.

Windows PowerShell has the advantage of running against SQL snapshots instead of the production database. One of the parameters of the Windows PowerShell command will cause a SQL snapshot to be generated, and then Windows PowerShell will run the action against the snapshot instead of the production database. This will reduce the resource impact of the backup operation on the production environment.

With Windows PowerShell, SharePoint administrators will have more granular control of options for the backup or restore.

30.What is a workflow?

Workflow is the definition, execution and automation of business processes where tasks, information or documents are passed from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules.

Organizations use workflows to coordinate tasks between people and synchronize data between systems, with the ultimate goal of improving organizational efficiency, responsiveness and profitability.

Workflows automate the flow of employee tasks and activities, reducing the time the process took to complete as well as potential errors caused by human interaction.

31.What is the difference between a Site Definition and a Site Template?

Site Definitions are stored on the hard drive of the SharePoint front end servers. They are used by the SharePoint application to generate the sites users can create. Site Templates are created by users as a copy of a site they have configured and modified so that they do not have to recreate lists, libraries, views and columns every time they need a new instance of a site.

32.What are content types? 

A content type is a flexible and reusable WSS type definition (or we can a template) that defines the columns and behavior for an item in a list or a document in a document library. For example, you can create a content type for a leave approval document with a unique set of columns, an event handler, and its own document template and attach it with a document library/libraries.Can a content type have receivers associated with it?

Yes, a content type can have an event receiver associated with it, either inheriting from the SPListEventReciever base class for list level events, or inheriting from the SPItemEventReciever base class. Whenever the content type is instantiated, it will be subject to the event receivers that are associated with it.

33.What is a document library in SharePoint? 

A document library in SharePoint is where you upload your main or core documents. Document Library is consist of a row and column view with links to the documents, When the document is updated and so is the link is created on your site. You can also track metadata of your documents. Meta data in SharePoint is consisting of document properties.

34.What is the difference between a document library and a form library in SharePoint? 

Document libraries in SharePoint consist of your main/core documents. For example a word document, excel PowerPoint, Visio, pdf, csv, notepad etc. Form libraries consist of XML forms.

35.What is a template in SharePoint? 

A template is a pre-defined set of functions or settings that can be used over time. There are many templates within SharePoint software itself, Site Templates, Document Templates, Document Library and List Templates.

You can download More SharePoint templates from Microsoft site and the link is

36.What security levels are assigned to users for a SharePoint Website? 

Security levels are assigned by the administrator who is adding the user. There are four levels by default and additional levels can be composed as necessary.

* Reader - Has read-only access to the Web site.

* Contributor - Can add content to existing document libraries and lists.

* Web Designer - Can create lists and document libraries and customize pages in the Web site.

* Administrator - Has full control of the Web site.

37.How do I make my site non-restricted (Available for anonymous users without Authentication) in SharePoint? 

If you want your site to have anonymous access enabled (i.e., you want to treat it like any site on the Internet that does not ask you to provide a user name and password to see the content of the site),

If you want to make your SharePoint website available on Internet and anybody can use it than you can follow below steps:
1) Log-in as an administrator

2) Click on site settings

3) Click on Go to Site Administration

4) Click on Manage anonymous access

5) Choose one of the three conditions on what Anonymous users can access:** Entire Web site** Lists and libraries** Nothing Default condition is nothing; your site has restricted access.

The default conditions allow you to create a secure site for your Web site.

38.What is a Field Control?

Field controls are simple ASP.NET 2.0 server controls that provide the basic field functionality of SharePoint. They provide basic general functionality such as displaying or editing list data as it appears on SharePoint list pages.

39.Which are default master pages in Sharepoint 2010?

1. v4.master - This is default master page.

2. default.master - this is used to support the 2007 user interface

3. minimal.master,4. simple.master- it is used for accessdenied.aspx, confirmation.aspx, error.aspx, login.aspx, reqacc.aspx, signout.aspx & webdeleted.aspx pages.

40.What is a SharePoint Feature? What files are used to define a feature? 

A SharePoint Feature is a functional component that can be activated and deactivate at various scopes throughout a SharePoint instances, scope of which are defined as

1. Farm level 2. Web Application level 3. Site level 4. Web level

Features have their own receiver architecture, which allow you to trap events such as when a feature is Installing, Uninstalling, Activated, or Deactivated.

The element types that can be defined by a feature include

Menu commands, link commands, page templates, page instances, list definitions, list instances,

Event handlers and workflows.

The two files that are used to define a feature are the feature.xml and manifest file(elements.xml). The feature XML file defines the actual feature and will make SharePoint aware of the installed feature. The manifest file contains details about the feature such as functionality.

41.What are features of SharePoint 2010?

Features are:

Document Collaboration, Enterprise Search FAST Search, New Enhance Web Part

Silver Light web part, Business Connectivity Services, Social Media Investments

Large lists, Enhanced collaboration features, Visio Services, Usage reporting and logging

Better Network Differencing & SharePoint Offline in SharePoint Workspace

High Availability/ Disaster Recovery Innovation

Admin Insights through the Logging & Usage database, and dev dashboard

     Service Applications,      SharePoint Designer Enhancements like portable workflows, and       granular delegation, Sandbox Solutions

42.What is the difference between Classic mode authentication and Claims-based authentication? 

As the name implies, classic authentication supports NT authentication types like Kerberos, NTLM, Basic, Digest, and anonymous. Claims based authentication uses claims identities against a against a trusted identity provider.

43.What are content databases? 

A content database can hold all the content for one or more site collections.

44.What is a site collection? 

A site collection contains a top-level website and can contain one or more sub-sites web sites that have the same/unique Permissions which can be controlled by a site collection administrator.

45.What is an application pool? 

A group of one or more URLs that are served by a particular worker process or set of worker processes

46.What are Web Applications in SharePoint?

An IIS Web site created and used by SharePoint 2010.

47.What is Content Deployment? 

Content deployment enables you to copy content from a source site collection to a destination site collection.

48.What is a search scope? 

A search scope defines a subset of information in the search index. Users can select a search scope when performing a search

49.What are the Enterprise features of MOSS 2007? 

* User Interface (UI) and navigation enhancements

* Document management enhancements

* The new Workflow engine , * Office 2007 Integration ,* New Web Parts

* New Site-type templates, * Enhancements to List technology

* Web Content Management, * Business Data Catalog , * Search enhancements

* Report Center, * Records Management, * Business Intelligence and Excel Server

* Forms Server and InfoPath, * The "Features" feature

* Alternate authentication providers and Forms-based authentication

50.What Has Changed with SSP in SharePoint 2010 ?

 In SharePoint 2010 Shared Service Providers (SSP's) are replaced by Service Applications. Services are no longer combined into a SSP. They are running independent as a service application. The service application architecture is now also built into  SharePoint Foundation 2010, in contrast to the Shared Services Provider (SSP) architecture that was only part of Office SharePoint Server 2007.

A key benefit here is that all services are installed by default and there is no SSP setup

51.What is a declarative workflow? Can non-authenticated users participate in workflows?

Workflow created by using Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2010, the default setting enables deployment of declarative workflows. Yes, however you do not give non-authorized users access to the site. The e-mail message and attachments sent from notifications might contain sensitive information

52.What is Web Application in SharePoint?

1. In SharePoint Web Application is a IIS website.
2. From Central Admin we can create the web application. Each web application is associated with one IIS web site.
3. Once the web application is created, we can extend the web application in different zones.
4. For each web application, content database is created.

53.What is an application pool? Why are application pools important .

In Internet Information Services (IIS), a group of one or more URLs served by a worker process.
They are important as they provide a way for multiple sites to run on the same server but still have their own worker processes and identity

54.What is ACL ?

A list of users or groups and their security permissions. Identifies who can update, modify, or delete an object on a computer or resource on the network.

55..What is the difference between Classic mode authentication and Claims-based authentication?
As the name implies, classic authentication supports NT authentication types like Kerberos, NTLM, Basic, Digest, and anonymous. Claims based authentication uses claims identities against a against a trusted identity provider. 

56.When would you use claims, and when would you use classic?

Classic is more commonly seen in upgraded 2007 environments whereas claims are the recommended path for new deployments.

57.What are some of the tools that can be used when backing up a SharePoint 2010 environment?

SharePoint farm backup and recovery, SQL Server, System Center Data Protection Manager

58.What Microsoft tool can be used for incremental backups?

System Center Data Protection Manager

59.What is Managed Metadata?

Managed metadata is a hierarchical collection of centrally managed terms that you can define, and then use as attributes for items.

60.How do Terms and Term Sets relate to Managed Metadata?

Managed metadata is a way of referring to the fact that terms and term sets can be created and managed independently from the columns themselves.

61.Are there different types of Term Sets?

There are Local Term Sets and Global Term Sets, one created within the context of a site collection and the other created outside the context of a site collection, respectively.

62.How are Managed Metadata, and the related Term technology used?
Through the UI, the most common use is through the managed metadata list column which allows you to specify the term set to use. It also related to searching and enhancing the user search experience.

63.What is a search scope?

A search scope defines a subset of information in the search index. Users can select a search scope when performing a search.

64.What is a federated location with SharePoint search?

Federated locations provide information that exists outside of your internal network to your end-users.

65.What is query logging in SharePoint 2010?

Collects information about user search queries and search results that users select on their computers to improve the relevancy of search results and to improve query suggestions.

66.What authentication type does the SharePoint crawler use?

The crawl component requires access to content using NTLM authentication.

67.What is the Secure Store Service (SSS)?

A secure database for storing credentials that is associated with application IDs

68.What is Content Deployment?

Content deployment enables you to copy content from a source site collection to a destination site collection.

69.What is the difference between SQL clustering and mirroring?

Clustering provides a fail over scenario whereby one or more nodes can be swapped as active depending on whether a node goes down.
In mirroring, transactions are sent directly from a principal database and server to a mirror database to establish essentially a replica of the database.

70.What is CAML?

CAML is the collaborative application markup language. This is the XML-based language used to customize and to develop the SharePoint based sites and features.

71.How do you configure outgoing E-mail?

It is recommended that you set up a Local SMTP Virtual Server on your share point box and configure it to relay to your normal domain.

This will not only provide a natural queuing mechanism which would be highly preferred, but it will also provide you with what you need to set up incoming email as well as outgoing.

(DW)

More details on this ...

If you are looking to use your corporate email to read outbound email--you'll need to go to the SMTP Virtual server and set up a new domain in it. Click on domains and make a new remote domain. Type in the name of your corporate email (for me it would be Microsoft.com).

Once it's made, get the properties on it and configure the smart host to be the name of your actual mail server (exchange or whatever). This will cause the SMTP Virtual Server to relay mail addressed to your remote domain to your corporate email server.

If that server only accepts mail from authenticated sources, you'll have to configure the outbound security on the remote domain as well as the smart host.

(DW)

Note to the usual need to make sure that Port 25 is not blocked by an A-V software (McAfee being the typical culprit)

<!--[if !supportLists]-->72.How to Remove the Banner from InfoPath Form 2007?

Using Stsadm setformserviceproperty we can remove the banner from InfoPath form 2007.
Ex: stsadm.exe -o setformserviceproperty -pn allow branding -pv false

73.How to Synchronize the User Profiles with Active Directory in MOSS 2007?

1. Log into the Shared Services Administration site
2. Click on User Profiles and Properties,
3. Click on Configure Profile Import
4. Under "Source" select the domain you wish to import from
5. Under "Default Access Account" select either the default content access account or specify account details – this account must have permission to access the Active Directory users (default) OU container
6. Click OK
7. Now select either a Full or Incremental import, a Full import will ensure that users deleted from Active Directory are removed from the profile database
8. Once the import has finished you can select "View Import Log" to reveal details about the import

74.Give the list of sites that are available in SharePoint?

The sites that are available in SharePoint are given below:
1) Team Site , 2) Blank Site, 3) Document Workspace, 4) Blog, 5) Group Work Site,6) Visio Process Repository, 7) Basic Meeting Workspace, 8) Blank Meeting Workspace ,9) Decision Meeting Workspace ,10) Social Meeting Workspace , 11) Multipage Meeting Workspace , 12) Assets Web Database ,13) Charitable Contributions Web Database, 14) Contacts Web Database, 15) Issues Web Database ,16) Projects Web Database, 17) Document Center ,  18) Records Center ,19) Business Intelligence Center , 20) My Site Host, 21) Personalization Site, 22) Enterprise Search Center, 23) Basic Search Center ,24) FAST Search Center , 25) Enterprise Wiki, 26) Publishing Portal, 27) Publishing Site

75.What has changed with 12 hive in SharePoint?

In 12 hive structure, there are 3 New Folders which are added in.
they are:
1) UserCode – This folder is used for the files to support sandboxed solutions.
2) WebClients – This folder is used for the client Object Model.
3) WebServices – This folder is used for the .svc files

76.Explain about picture libraries?

Picture libraries will allow you to access a photo album and view it as a slide show or thumbnails or a film strip. You can have separate folder for each event, category, etc.

77.Discuss about the security levels which are assigned to users?

The administrator will assign the Security level who is adding the user. There are four levels by default which are discussed as follows:

1) Reader - In this level, the user will have read-only access to the Web site.
2) Contributor - The user can add content to existing document libraries and lists.
3) Web Designer - The user can create lists and document libraries and customize pages in the Web site.
4) Administrator - The user will have the full control of the Web site.

78.Explain about Solutions in SharePoint?

Solutions are nothing but the container packages for Features. Solution is a cabinet (.cab) file with extension .wsp which contains various components needed to be deployed (features, web parts, custom forms etc) along with files that describe some important metadata about those Components.
Once a Solution is installed on a server in the farm, you can deploy it to any web application from your Solution Management.

79.What is meant by a SharePoint Theme?

A Theme is a group of files (CSS, images) that allow you to define the appearance (look and feel) of content pages in SharePoint. A Theme defines the design of various components.
For e.g. Content Page background-color, button color, web part title color etc. to give a different look and feel to your site.

 80.What is the command to take backup and restore for SharePoint site?

The commands to take backup and restore for SharePoint site are given as follows:
Backup command:
stsadm -o backup -url http://moss:4002/ -filename c:\bkupsite.bak
To restore :
stsadm -o restore -url http://moss:4004/ -filename c:\bkupsite.bak

Question. What is Check-out?

Answer:  Check-out ensures that only one person can edit a document at a time. To edit a document, a user would first have to check out a document. This prevents anyone else from editing the document until that user check the document back in. During the period that the document is checked out, other users can only view a read-only version of the document.

Question.  What is Check-in?

Answer:  Check in a file means that user is uploading the modified file to the library and it is now available for edit by other users. Once the document is checked in, the document becomes available again to be checked out by someone else. In addition, all changes made by the person who checked in the document are now visible to others.

Question.  What is Versioning?

Answer:  Versioning allows updates, restoring and tracking of the items in a list or in a library when they are changed. Versioning makes use of version numbers to keep track of changes.

Question.  What is Site Columns?

Answer:  A site column is a reusable column definition, or template that user can assign to multiple lists across multiple SharePoint sites. Site columns are useful if user organization wants to establish some consistent settings across lists and libraries.

Question. What are the various built in columns available in SharePoint 2010?

Answer:

Single line of text

Multiple lines of text

Choice (menu to choose from)

Number (1, 1.0, 100)

Currency ($, ¥, €)

Date and Time

Lookup (information already on this site)

Yes/No (check box)

Person or Group

Hyperlink or Picture

Calculated (calculation based on other columns)

Full HTML content with formatting and constraints for publishing

Image with formatting and constraints for publishing

Hyperlink with formatting and constraints for publishing

Summary Links data

Rich media data for publishing

Managed Metadata

Question.  What is Content Type?

Answer:  A content type is a reusable collection of metadata (columns), workflow, behavior, and other settings for a category of items or documents. Content types enable user to manage the settings for a category of information in a centralized and reusable manner. A content type defines the attributes of a list item, a document, or a folder. Each content type can specify properties to associate with items of its type.

Question. What is rating?

Answer:  Rating provides user the ability to rate content (of any type, lists, documents, pages on a site, and even content types) and stores that rating information in the database. It is an assessment or classification of content on a scale according to how well the content meets specific criteria. Ratings show an average score that can range from 1 to 100.

Question.  What is Audience targeting?

Answer:  The content inside lists, libraries, web parts, etc., can be targeted to appear only for the users who are members of a particular group or audience. The audience can be identified via SharePoint groups, distribution lists and security groups.

Question.  What are views?

answer:  User can use views to see the items in a list or library that are most important to user or that best fit a purpose. For example, user can create views of the files that were created most recently, of the list items that apply to a specific department, or of the files created by one person. After creating a view, it is always available when user looks at a list or library. User can create personal views and public views. A personal view is available only to user while looking at a list or library. A public view is available when anyone looks at a list or library. To create a public view, user must have permission to change the design of the list or library. User can make a public view the default view for a list or library.

 How does Ribbon works ?
Ans. A file called CMDUI.XML stays at the web front end which contains the Out-of-Box site wide Ribbon implementation i.e. all the Ribbon UI for the entire site. In addition to this you have a CustomAction for each ribbon component. These CustomActions have CommandUIExtentions block which has CommandUIDefinitions and CommandUIHandlers which make up the activity of the ribbon component. So, when the ribbon is loaded the CommandUIDefinition merges with Out-of-Box definition in the CMDUI.XML

Q. How would you deploy WebPart Using Windows PowerShell?
Ans. At the Windows PowerShell command prompt (PS C:\>), type the below command :

Install -SPWebPartPack -LiteralPath "FullPathofCabFile" -Name "Nameof WebPart"

Q. How would you add a link in the Ribbon?
Ans. You can add any link or Custom Action under any of the existing tabs of the ribbon or can create a new a new tab and place your links under it.

Q. What does CMDUI.XML contain?
Ans. The definitions for the out-of-the-box ribbon elements are split across several files in the SharePoint root, with TEMPLATE\GLOBAL\XML\CMDUI.XML being the main one.

Q. What are the Disadvantages of Using LINQ in your Code?
Ans. LINQ translates the LINQ queries into Collaborative Application Markup Language (CAML) queries thus adding an extra step for retrieving the items.

Q. What are the security improvements in SharePoint 2010 ? 
Ans. In SharePoint 2010 a variety of security methods have been introduced.

Claims-Based Authentication - Claims based authentication is based on identity. and trust.
Code Access Security - in which you can specify your own code access

security (CAS) policy for your web parts.

Sandbox Solutions - Sandbox Solutions which when deployed to the server, SharePoint runs in a special process that has limited permissions.

Cross-Site Scripting - Introduced to prevent Cross - Site Scripting (XSS) attacks.

What is IIS?

IIS (Internet Information Server) is one of the most powerful web servers from Microsoft Corporation that is used to host the Asp.Net web application. IIS has its own ASP.NET process engine to handle the ASP.NET request. So, when request comes from client to server, IIS takes the request and process it and send response back to the clients.

IIS means when request comes from client to the server a lot of operation is performed before sending response to the client. This is about how IIS process the request.

What is Worker Process?

Worker process (w3wp.exe) runs the ASP.NET application in IIS. This process is responsible to manage all the request and response that are coming from the client system. All the ASP.NET functionality runs under the scope of worker process. When request comes to the server from a client worker process is responsible to generate the request and response.

In single word, we can say worker process is the heart of ASP.NET web application runs on IIS.

What is Application Pool?

Simply to say about what is application pool is: A group of one or more URLs are served by a particular worker process or set of worker processes.

Application pool is the container of worker process. Application pools are used to separate sets of worker processes that share same configuration. Application pools enable a better security, reliability, and availability for any web application.

The worker process servers as the process boundary that separates each application pool so that when one worker process or application is having an issue or recycles, other applications or worker processes are not affected. This makes sure that a particular web application doesn’t impact other web application as they are configured into different application pool.

Application pool with multiple worker process is called “Web Garden”.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg552610.aspx

Why are application pools important?

They provide a way for multiple sites to run on the same server but still have their own worker processes and identity.

Main Point to Remember:

•             Isolation of Different Web Application.
•             Individual worker process for different web application.
•             More reliably web application.
•             Better Performance.

How to find the application pool account for a web application?

Go to IIS settings (type inetmgr in command mode) and select the web application on left pane and click on the “Basic Settings” on the right pane.

Question

What are some of the tools that can be used when backing up a SharePoint 2010 environment?

Answer

·         SharePoint farm backup and recovery

·         SQL Server

·         System Center Data Protection Manager

Question

What does CMDUI.XML contain?

Answer

The definitions for the out-of-the-box ribbon elements are split across several files in the SharePoint root, with TEMPLATE\GLOBAL\XML\CMDUI.XML being the main one.