SharePoint Journey: One Liner SharePoint Definition(Question/Answer)

1. SharePoint:

1) Microsoft SharePoint is an enterprise collaboration and content management platform,. SharePoint is a business collaboration platform.

2) SharePoint 2010 is a platform where user can share Data, Collaborate and people can also take this platform and customized patform as per their requirements.

3) SPFarm -> SPServer -> SPServices - >SPWebServices ->SPWebApplication ->SPSite Collection

-> SPWeb ->SPList ->SPField ->SPItem ->SPFile ->SPFolder

4) SharePoint having one of the best feature is SharePoint Designer, InfoPath, search services.

5). SharePoint is web Application platform developed by Microsoft.

2. SharePoint 2010 Features:

1) Sites: A site is a contextual work environment. Once SharePoint is configured, these sites can be created without any requirement for specialized knowledge. A context for a site may be organization-wide, or it may be specific to an individual team or group.

2) Communities: A community is a place where communication and understanding happens. Communities can occur around any context, and will typically develop around either shared knowledge, or shared activities (such as collaboration).

3)Content: SharePoint provides management of documents and work items that need to be stored, found, collaborated on, updated, managed, documented, archived, traced or restored - in accordance with relevant compliance or governance policies.

4) Search: Look for relevant communities, content, people, or sites: search is based on keywords, refinement, and content analysis.

5) Insights: Information from any part of the organization can be surfaced inside useful contexts, providing information that can improve effectiveness.

6) Composites: SharePoint enables no-code integration of data, documents and processes to provide composite applications ("mash-ups" based on internal data).

3. Different between SharePoint 2010 vs SharePoint 2013

SharePoint 2013 is new version of famous collaboration portal.

SharePoint 2013 the new versions adds few existing features such as Social Feed, SharePoint apps and Cross site publishing.

sharepoint 2010 was released in 2010.

Application:

However the sandbox solution could be deprecated and replaced the application model.

introduce App Catalog&Marketplace

Collaboration:

Improving the Team-sites , Work-management in 2013

Social:

introduce the Newsfeed,Skydrive Pro, Community Sites Follow Content , Follow site, Follow User .

Search:

introduce Out-of-Box FastSearch , Continuos Crawl.
Content Mnagement:

introduce Cross-site-Publishing,eDiscovery

BI:
Same as well as SharePoint 2010 and 2013

Busniess Solutions:

introduce SharePoint2013-Workflow ,Access

Branding:

introduce Updated SharePoint Designer,Design manager,channels

Mobile:

introduce Native support for iOS/Android

4. SharePoint History:

2001 SharePoint Team Services (free) - SharePoint Portal Server2001 (lic)

2003 wss2.0 (free) - SharePoint Portal Server2003 (lic)

2007 wss3.0 (free) - Microsoft office SharePoint server (lic)

2010 SharePoint Foundation - SharePoint Server2010

2013 SharePoint Foundation + - SharePoint Server2013

5. SharePoint Product History:

2001---CMS(failure due to heavy cost) everyting is paid version only

2003---CMS*(better in 2003 beacuse reduces cost and give some features free)

2007---CMS+WCM*( utimate version and most pupular and MS office give freeeeee)

2010---CMS+WCM+ECMS*( rich applications + new and advanced features)

2013-----CMS+WCM+ECMS*+ new advaced feature+apps

6. Content management system (cms):

1.CMS is a computer program that allows publishing, editing and modifying content as well as maintenance from a central interface Such systems of content provide procedures to manage workflow in a collaborative environment.

2. CMS is a more complex and powerful functions

3.CMSs are often used to run websites containing blogs, news, and shopping. Many corporate and marketing websites use CMSs.

3 types of CMS

1. Web content management system

2. Component content management system

3. Enterprise content management systems

Enterprise content management types:

7. Web content management:

Web content management capabilities to create, publish, manage, and control a large, dynamic collection of content. Web content management, as part of Enterprise Content Management (ECM) in Office SharePoint Server 2007, can help streamline your process for creating and publishing Web sites.

8. Document content mgmt system:

Document management capabilities on the storage and organization of documents to support active work in progress, including content creation and sharing within an organization

Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007 supports your organization's document management needs by providing a broad set of document management capabilities that enable you to do the following.

->Store, organize, and locate documents.

->Ensure the consistency of documents.

->Manage metadata for documents.

->Help protect documents from unauthorized access or use.

->Ensure consistent business processes (workflows) for how documents are handled.

9. STS/SPS

It STS is running on 2001, SPS is running on2001 and 2003 paid versions.

. SharePoint Portal Services (SPS) has MUCH better document management. It has check-in, check-out, versioning, approval, publishing, subscriptions, categories, etc.

. STS does not have these features, or they are very scaled back.

.SharePoint Portal Services (SPS) has a better search engine, and can crawl multiple content sources.

.STS cannot.

. STS is easier to manage and much better for a team environment where there is not much Document Management going on. SPS is better for an organization, or where Document Management is crucial.

10. Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS)

Windows Sharepoint Services (WSS) is a portal-based platform for creating, managing and sharing documents and customized Web services. WSS is available as a free download included with every Windows Server license and is considered to be part of the Office 2003 productivity suite.

11. Whats new in Shared Service Provider (SSP ) in Sharepoint 2010 ?
(Alt Q: What is "Service Application" ? )
“Service Application” or “Service App” is a concept in Sharepoint 2010,
where SSP Services are split out into separate services.
What is replaced?

1. Profiles, Audiences = People Service App

2. Search = Search Service App

3. Excel = Excel Service App

Whats new :-

1. Project Server = Project Server App

2. Visio Services = Visio Service App

Advantages :-

1. Web applications can be configured to only use a subset of the

deployed services.

2. You can deploy multiple instances of the same service in a farm by

giving the new service instances unique names.

3. You can share services across multiple web applications in a farm.

SSP: The major services that are handled by the SSP are:

Profiles and Audiences

My Sites

All of Excel Services

All of the BDC (Business Data Catalog)

12. SPSite and SPWeb:

The SPSite object represents a collection of sites (site collection [a top level sites and all its subsites]).

The SPWeb object represents an [Instance SharePoint Web], and SPWeb object contains things like the actual content.

A SPSite object contains the various subsites and the information regarding them.

13. Dispose: According to the best Practices you should always dispose them if you have created them in your code.

You can dispose them in finally block or you can use the "Using" clause, so that they gets disposed when not required. If you are using SPContext then you need not dispose the spsite or spweb objects.

14. Using Clause:

15. Explain the WebPart life cycle.

WebPart life cycle also same as asp.net life cycle. Here you can find some additional events like CreateChildControls, RenderContents etc.

· OnInit

· OnLoad

· CreateChildControls

· OnPreRender

· Render (RenderContents, etc)

- See more at: http://sharepointknowledgebase.blogspot.in/2012/12/sharepoint-developer-interview-questions.html#sthash.UgUlZkFD.dpuf

16. SharePoint Web Application:

->Before you can create a site collection, you must first create a Web application.

->Each Web application is represented by a different IIS Web site with a unique or shared application pool. You can assign each Web application a unique domain name, which helps to prevent cross-site scripting attacks.

You use Web applications to isolate content. When you create a new Web application, you also create a new content database and define the authentication method used to connect to the database. In addition, you define an authentication method to be used by the IIS Web site in SharePoint Foundation 2010.

17. PowerShell:

Windows PowerShell is an Extendable command shell and scripting language.

Pre-PowerShell we used to do all sorts of tasks with all sorts of tools:

Central Administration website

the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard

STSADM

Psconfig

Use with Stsadm->

Activate / deactivate the feature

Delete / add the feature

Backup/restore

Administrator full access to applicable application programming interfaces (APIs). Administrators can use Windows PowerShell to interact directly with SharePoint-based web applications, site collections, sites, lists, and more.

18. SharePoint 2010's Search Center

SharePoint 2010 provides a site template that's built for delivering search results. You can use this template to create a branded search experience or to customize how results appear. You can choose among three search center site templates:

Basic Search Center delivers a stripped down search experience in one page. This site template uses Web Part pages and is essentially a team site specialized for search.

Enterprise Search Center provides multiple pages for displaying search results. This site template uses publishing pages, which make it easier to brand and customize than Basic Search Center.

FAST Search Center is used with the add-on search product FAST Search for SharePoint 2010 to provide enhanced search results. Very large enterprises use the FAST search product. Any search solutions you create with SharePoint 2010’s default search options continue to work even if your company chooses to deploy FAST.

SharePoint 2010's Search Center Feature

You can create a new site collection using one of the search center templates and then configure multiple site collections to use that same search center.

19.What is Web part?
Web part is a fundamentally building blocks and for SharePoint (UI) .
Web Parts are customizable plug and play components that empower information workers to create personalized user interfaces by simply dragging and dropping them on a Web page. Web parts allow customization at both design time and run time. There are two types of web parts.
1. In-built web parts – Web parts that are included in SharePoint. Developers can drag them from web part galleries and drop them into web part zones.

2. Custom web parts – Web parts that are created by the user using visual studio is called custom web parts.

Visual web part:

The new important feature introduced in SharePoint on webparts is Visual webpart. It’s a combination of user control (.ascx) and assembly (.dll)

Since a Visual Web Part loads a User Control (.ascx) from the SharePoint Root it needs access to run the ASP.NET method LoadControl and file system access to the ControlTemplates folder in the SharePoint Root – and this is not allowed by a Sandboxed Solution.

Visual webpart cannot be deploying using sandbox solutions.

SharePoint 2010 difference between webpart and visual web part?

SharePoint designer:

1. It is a part of Microsoft SharePoint family of products.

2. SharePoint Designer focuses on designing and personalizing Microsoft SharePoint websites

3. It is a specialized HTML editor and web freeware for creating or modifying Microsoft SharePoint sites, workflows and web pages, lists, libraries.

4.we can customize lists,librariers, designer workflows….

.List:

A list contains items that are collections of fields/properties/columns. Optionally each item can have one or more attachments.

. List is a collection of data, collection of records. This is similar to one of the database. It’s storing at Content database.

. List having rows and each rows with appear items, list having fields.

. A list will always have a default view

. A list in SharePoint is used to store data across columns in separate rows.

. There are different data types that can be used for each column.

Library:
A library is a list, but have one and exactly one file associated with each item. A library item also has fields/properties/columns.

A document library is a SharePoint page from where you can share documents and collaborate on your work. Documents are shared, protected, and developed amongst your team. Contributors can view documents in a library, as well as upload, delete, and make changes to documents.

List vs Library:

Lists:

Can have attachments

Have major versions only

Do not have Check-in/Check-out features

Libraries:

Cannot have attachments (files are directly in the library)

Have both minor (draft) and major (published) versioning

Have Check-in/Check-Out

Publishing Libraries can use Page Layouts

Have Unique Document Ids out of the box.

Document library: Document libraries Consist of your core documents. An example would be a word document, excel, PowerPoint, vision, pdf

Form Library:

A form library is much like a document library, but it is supposed to host only Microsoft InfoPath forms. Microsoft InfoPath is electronic form-creation software that integrates with SharePoint. Forms created with InfoPath can be published to SharePoint form libraries, and users can then fill out these forms.

XML editors or XML-based form design programs that are compatible with Windows SharePoint Services,

Web.Allowunsafeupdates: If your code modifies(WSS) Windows SharePoint Services data in some way, you may need to allow unsafe updates on the Web site, without requiring a security validation. You can do by setting the AllowUnsafeUpdates property.

->For developer, when updates needs to be done in the content database without requiring a security validation then AllowUnsafeUpdates property needs to be set to true. After operation is performed then this property again needs to set to false again.

Moss: Sahrepoint server 2010:

MOSS (sp2007) Features SharePoint Server 2010 Features

Portal Sites

Search Communities

Enterprise Content Management Content

Business Process and Forms Search

Business Intelligence Insights

Collaboration Composites

Moss features:

1) Portal: Provides Single Infrastructure for Intranet, Extranet, Internet, a common navigation across multiple sites and include some customized site templates

2) Collaboration: MOSS allows users to share information and work together and provides a hub

3) Enterprise Content Management: Content management was previously called Microsoft’s Content Management Server 2002. Now release with MOSS 2007.

4) Enterprise Search: New to MOSS 2007 ability to find relevant content in many different locations and formats. Search results that respect security permissions.

5) Business Intelligence: Provides a Report Centre template, Server calculations, web, rendering and Key Performance Indicator (KPI) lists and Web parts.

6) Business Process Provides built-in workflow: and allow you to create, maintain, and analyze custom workflows, helps you to streamline your collaborative processes.

SharePoint2010 Main Features:

Document Collaboration

Enterprise Search FAST Search

New Enhance Web Part

Silver Light web part

Business Connectivity Services

Social Media Investments

Large lists

Enhanced collaboration features

Visio Services

Usage reporting and loggin

Better Network Differencing & SharePoint Offline in SharePoint Workspace

High Availability/ Disaster Recovery Innovatio.

Admin Insights through the Logging & Usage database, and dev dashboard

Service Applications

SharePoint Designer Enhancements like portable
workflows, and granular delegation

Sandbox Solutions

WSS vsMOSS2007:

.WSS in not a portal, it's only a collaborative platform (there are no publishing features in WSS)

.MOSS allows you to use user profiles, not WSS.

.Search functionalities are cheap in WSS compare to MOSS (but you can extend them using Search Server Express)

.Many others: InfoPath, BDC, Additional Web Parts, Additional site and list templates.

Site collection:
A site collection is a grouping of websites under a common top-level site that have the same owner and share administration settings,

for example, permissions. When you create a site collection, a top-level site is automatically created in the site collection.

You can then create one or more subsites below the top-level site.

A site collection is made up of one top-level site and all sites

it is the top level of organization in a SharePoint 2013 web application.

The number of site collections you can have in a single web application depends on the capacity of your server infrastructure.

Sub sites:

è Top-level Web sites can have multiple sub sites, and sub sites can also have multiple sub sites. You can use top-level Web site and sub sites to divide site content into distinct, separately manageable sites.

List Defination:

è we can create a List Definition using:

è 1) SharePoint user interface

è 2) Visual Studio 2010

Site definition:

1. Site definition is installed on file system of web front ends.

2. Located at..\14\Templates\Site Templates.

3. Site definition consists of .aspx pages and .xml files with Collaborative Application Markup Language (CAML).

4. Major Benifit is that the page and List definition is read locally from the File System, not from Content Database.

Site definition vs Site template:

Files are on disk, better performance.	Files are in database, less efficient.
Highly customizable and extensible (XML and .NET code is much more flexible than UI)	Not easily extensible (You are limited by what UI offers)
Can provision multiple webs *	Can only provision one web
Complex to create	Easier to create
Requires admin access to server for deploying.	Installable from a Web UI by site owners.
Modifying the site definition after provisioning at least one site from it is not supported and might break existing sites.	Custom templates can be modified without affecting existing sites that have been created from the templates ().**

Site Definitions are stored on the hard drive of the SharePoint front end servers. They are used by the SharePoint application to generate the sites users can create. Site Templates are created by users as a copy of a site they have configured and modified so that they do not have to recreate lists, libraries, views and columns every time they need a new instance of a site.

Event Receivers: If you want to catch some action in SharePoint and want to do something on each action, then you can use event receivers’. Event receivers are nothing but classes.

Sometimes they are called before events and after events.

Types also includes :
1) Item-Level Event Receivers

2) List-Level Event Receivers,

3)Web-Level Event Receivers,

4)Workflow Event Receivers

Event Handler: It is a similar of the Event receivers. Event Receivers or Event handlers are created to handle the basic actions or events against an item, list\library, a web or a site. 4 types of

•   List Items – SPItemEventReceiver
•   List Columns – SPListEventReceiver
•   Site – SPWebEventReceiver
•   Email – SPEmailEventReceiver

Event Receivers vs. Event Handler:

Event Receivers or Event handlers are created to handle the basic actions or events against an item, list\library, a web or a site.
There are two kinds of events in SharePoint. They are:
1) Synchronous Events: Like Item adding (not added yet), Uploading (document not uploaded yet) etc.
2) Asynchronous Events: Item Added (after item is added), Uploaded(after a document is uploaded)

Events receivers can be written to override an event.
For e.g. Item Added event to change the name of an Item once it is added.

SharePoint Farm:

ð A SharePoint Farm is a collection of one or more sharepoint server which
having a single configuration database.

ð A SharePoint farm is a collection of SharePoint servers or SQL servers that work in concert to provide a set of basic SharePoint services that support a single site.

ð Farm solutions are installed to the solution store of a farm by a farm administrator. The components in the solution can, and usually do, run in full trust, and no resource usage restrictions are placed on them.

Content type:

A Content Type is a reusable, shareable metadata. The base type of a content type could be an existing content type like: item, Document, Folder, Event, Task, Meesage, Cooment, Post…..

-> We can create content types in SharePoint by the following 3 ways:

a. From UI
b. Using CAML (Collaborative Application Markup Language)
c. Using SharePoint Object Model (i.e. Programmatically)

-> We can associate one content types to multiple lists and libraries

Organizations can define each of these different sets of documents as a content type. A content type is a group of reusable settings that describe the shared attributes and behaviors for a specific kind of content. Content types can be defined for any item type, including documents, list items, media files, and folders.

Site Content Type:

List Content Type:

Metadata:
1. Managed Metadata is a hierarchical collection of terms that can be associated with items in SharePoint 2010.
2. We can use Central Administration website to manage these terms.

This is a new feature in SharePoint 2010.

Example: You have a document library to upload articles. For each item you can specify a column metadata of category like C#, ASP.NET etc.

Term: A term is keyword that can be associated with a SharePoint item.

Term Set: A term set is a group of terms. You can restrict that a particular item should contain a term from a particular term set. For example: setting the category of an article item from term set [C#, ASP.NET].

Local Term Sets: Site collection scoped term set. Only site user can see it.

Global Term Sets: Global Term Set created outside the site collection. They are visible to all users.

http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/401716/SharePoint-2010-Managed-Metadata-Configuration-and

Farm Solutions: The scope of farm level solution is farm level so it has Full trusted access to all resources and functionality of SharePoint.

Sandbox solution vs Form solution

In SharePoint 2010 we can have two types of solutions one is Sandboxed Solution and Farm Solution while developing a solution in Visual Studio 2010.
One major difference in the deployment is Farm solutions are installed and deployed. Sandboxed solutions are uploaded and activated.

Farm Solutions:
- Farm solutions are hosted in the IIS worker process (W3WP.exe).
- If you run any code in farm solution the whole farm will got affected.
- If you deploy any feature or retract any feature the whole application pool got recycled.
- Since they are scoped as farm level, they have full trust access to all the resources.
- When the Sandboxed Solution property is set to False, selecting Build\Deploy will deploy the solution to the Farm Solution Gallery.

Sandboxed Solution:
- Sandboxed solutions are hosted in the SharePoint user code solution worker process (SPUCWorkerProcess.exe).
- The process runs under a CAS policy that restricts programmatic access to any resource outside the sandbox.
- Never restart the IIS application pool.
- If you run any code it will affect only the site collection of the solution.
- Helpful if you have shared hosting.
- When the Sandboxed Solution property is set to True, selecting Build\Deploy Solution deploys the solution to the site collection Solution Gallery.

we create use with sandbox:

list definition

list instances

webparts

event receivers

Feature receivers

Designer workflows

infopath busines logics

1.we can't create Aplication pages in Sandbox solutions.
2.Beacuse Application pages are stored in the 14\TEMPLATES\_LAYOUTS and when we deploy as sandbox we dont have permissions to the physical folder.
3.We cant use code to connect to the external web services or to database in the sandbox soltion
4.runwithelevatedprivileges doesn't work
5.Site collection adminstrator can deploy a Sandboxed solutions,

Templates: Site template, Web template, Library template, List template

Custom Templates:

These templates can be located at C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\15\TEMPLATE\1033.

->Advantages of having custom templates.

->You can control the Look and feel of the web site page.

->You can have your predefined custom web parts.

->Not required to drag and drop web parts.

->Same look and feel across the web site page.

Httphandler: Every request into an ASP.NET application is handled by a specialized component known as an HTTP handler. The HTTP handler is the most important ingredient while handling ASP.NET requests

In use with sharepoint you need to deploy your code to in the GAC.

ASP.NET default handlers:

Page Handler (.aspx) - Handles Web pages

User Control Handler (.ascx) - Handles Web user control pages

Web Service Handler (.asmx) - Handles Web service pages

Trace Handler (trace.axd) - Handles trace functionality

Using SharePoint 2010, the HTTP handler was deployed to the LAYOUTS folder. The trick here is that SharePoint needs to load all its referenced assemblies from the GAC and in this case the assembly was in the GAC but we were not referencing the FQDN of the assembly.

Webpartzones:

Web Parts located in a Web Part zone When a Web Part is located inside a Web Part zone, the Web Part properties are stored in the content database in Windows SharePoint Services 3.0, not in the ASPX page. By inserting a Web Part inside a zone, you make it possible for users to interact with or modify that Web Part through the browser.

Web Parts not located in a Web Part zone When a Web Part is not located inside a Web Part zone, the Web Part properties are stored in the ASPX page and not in the content database in Windows SharePoint Services 3.0. By inserting a Web Part without enclosing it in a zone,

Application page and Site Pages:

Application page: Application pages are shared across all sites on the server, whereas a site page is specific to one site.

To create an application page, add an Application Page item to a SharePoint project. When you create an application page, Visual Studio adds the following folders to your project:

-> Application page is an ASP.NET content page present LAYOUTs directory

“C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS “

a. . An application page can have code behind as well as inline code

b. . An application page doesn’t support web parts or web part zones

c. . Application page is available to all the sites,

d. . Application page must deployed only in farm solution,

Site Pages:

1. Site Pages are stored in the virtual file system in the Content databases

2. Site page can’t have code behind or inline code.

3. Site Pages supports web parts

4. Site page can be deployed only specific sites

5. Site Page can be deployed using a sandbox solution

6. Site pages can be deployed by site collection administrators/end-users.

Master page:

-> Page layouts contains is a field controls and Web Parts

Master pages and page layouts dictate the overall look and feel of your SharePoint site

->you can quickly change the appearance of an entire site.

->This article shows you how to create and modify a copy of the existing primary master page and then apply the new or modified master page to all of the pages in your site that are attached to the primary master.

Master pages contain controls that are shared across multiple page layouts, such as navigation, search, or language-preference for multilingual sites.
->Master pages and content pages work together using a set of replaceable regions, or content placeholder controls

-> inside content placeholders in your SharePoint 2010 page layout. Although you can place text and HTML markup inside placeholders, most often you put fields, controls, containers, and Web Parts in your page layout.

Here are multiple control types that you can put in a page layout to contain content:

Web Parts/Web Part zones:
HTML controls:
ASP.NET controls:
sharepoint controls
dataview controls
Content controls:
content fields

Page-layouts:

Master pages and page layouts dictate the overall look and feel of your SharePoint site.

Master pages contain controls that are shared across multiple page layouts, such as navigation, search, or language-preference for multilingual sites. Page layouts contain field controls and Web Parts

By using master pages, you can provide a consistent look and feel for your site. You can use master pages to position items that must be shared by all pages, such as navigational controls, company logos, and copyright notices. Within master pages, you can use user controls (.ascx controls), Web server controls, and Web Parts.

v4.masterpage:

V4Materpage in a one of the primary page in masterpage.

->Team Site home page, list and library pages, and site settings page.

->Used for content and administration pages. Provides the interface and layout for SharePoint 2010.

Minimal master page:

The home and search results pages on a Search Center, pages that host Word or Excel web applications.

Contains minimal SharePoint content, used for full-screen functionality or embedded applications.

What is solution:
Ans. Solutions are the container packages for Features. Solution basically, is a cabinet (.cab) file with extension .wsp which contains various components needed to be deployed (features, web parts, custom forms etc) along with files that describe some important metadata about those Components. Once a Solution is installed on a server in the farm, you can deploy it to any web application from your Solution Management

Security levels in SharePoint:

Full Control: Enables users to have full control of the website.

Design: Enables users to view, add, update, delete, approve, and customize items or pages in the website.

Contribute: Enables users to manage personal views, edit items and user information, delete versions in existing lists and

document libraries, and add, remove, and update personal Web Parts.

Edit: Enables users to manage lists.

Read: Enables users to view pages and list items, and to download documents.

View only: Enables users to view application pages. The View Only permission level is used for the Excel Services Viewers group.

Limited Access: Enables users to access shared resources and a specific list, document library, folder, list item, or document.

If you use a site template other than the team site template, you will see a different list of default SharePoint permission levels. For example,

1. Approve 2. Manage Hierarchy 3. Restricted Read

Limited Access cannot be edited or deleted.

Special Permissions

Site level Controls access to the site and any objects that inherit their permissions from the site.

List or library level Controls access to the list and all folder and items in the list that inherit their permissions from the list.

Folder level Controls access to the folder itself and any items in that folder that inherit their permissions from the folder.

Item level or document level Controls access to a specific list item or a document.

Where are Master Pages and Layout Pages located in a SharePoint site?

They are location in master Page(Master Page Gallery) under _catalogs folder of root site.

- See more at: http://sharepointknowledgebase.blogspot.in/2012/12/sharepoint-developer-interview-questions.html#sthash.UgUlZkFD.dpuf

2010 vs 2013

Developement changes

Socail and collaboration Fetures

Enterprise Content Mangement

Server object model , Client object model , silverlight and javascript..

interview Questions for Developers - A four-part series.

Managed Object Model	Microsoft.SharePoint .Client.dll Microsoft.SharePoint .ClientRuntime.dll	ISAPI folder
Silverlight client object model	Microsoft.SharePoint .Client.Silverlight.dll Microsoft.SharePoint .Client.Silverlight.Runtime.dll	LAYOUTS\ClientBin folder
JavaScript client object model	SP.js	LAYOUTS folder

Different types of Objects:

Server object model	Managed Model	Silverlight Model	Javascript Model
SPContext	ClientContext	ClientContext	ClientContext
SPSite	Site	Site	Site
SPWeb	Web	Web	Web
SPList	List	List	List
SPListItem	ListItem	ListItem	ListItem
SPField	Field	Field	Field

SandBox Solutions support the following SharePoint item types:

- List definitions

- List instances

- Content Types/Fields

- Navigation

- Web Parts derived from WebPart

- Event receivers

- Custom Workflow Actions

- Workflow

- Doesn’t Supported

- programmatic workflow

- Event receivers

o SPLimitedWebPartManager

- timer jobs

- visual WebParts

- SharePoint mapped folders (e.g. "_layouts", and "images")

SharePoint 2010's Content Query Web Part(cqwp):

1. Content Query Web Part(cqwp) contains we can get items list items , library documents , content types from different sites and sub-sites Or Entire site-collection
2. we can configure to filtering , audience targeting
3.If u want create cqwp
First you need to activate Fetures is "SharePoint server publishing infrastructure"
4. After then u can get the cqwp in webpart gallary

SharePoint 2010's Content Editor Web Part(cewp):

->Content Editor Web Part to add formatted text, tables, hyperlinks, and images to a Web page.

Ways you can use the Content Editor Web Part

-You can use the Content Editor Web Part to add:

->An introductory, formatted paragraph to a page.

-> A table of instructions to explain a chart on your page, the data that is used in the chart, and how the chart was created.

->A set of hyperlinks to more information

Difference between List Definition, List Template and List Instance in SharePoint 2010:

List Definition:

A list definition defines a schema for a SharePoint list. It contains information on what views are being used, which columns and content types are being used, and other metadata information.

List Template:

A list template can either be created by end users through the SharePoint user interface using an existing list as a pattern or using an existing list instance. If based on a user-created list it is called a custom list template. A custom list template includes everything that defines the list, including list columns and site columns used by the list, content types used by the list, views defined for the list, and so on

What is an InfoPath?

InfoPath is an XML based electronic forms development product.
InfoPath is an application to create XML based Data entry Forms and targeted for end users and developers.

- How to deploy Infopath form in Sharepoint site?

->If you customize a SharePoint list form with InfoPath, just click the Publish button. If you create a Browser form, you can publish it to a Forms Library, either as a content type or an actual library item.

->InfoPath List Forms do not support any kind of code. InfoPath browser forms do support code.

->Ability to convert Word and Excel documents into InfoPath form templates.
->we can create infopth form for new sharepoint list
we can create customize an existing sharepoint list

->in that infopath designer in there having field pane.

Linq

What is LINQ and why it’s useful in LINQ?

LINQ is Language integrated Query Language. It’s part of .Net framework, you can easily integrate this with SharePoint 2010. It’s used to Query on Data sources such as Object, Datasets, SQL, XML and other entities. LINQ provide access to sharepoint in TYPED Manner, you can easily access List columns name as property. As syntax is same as it is for .net development.

var items = from s in DataContext.Students

select s;

Microsoft SharePoint 2010 brings support for Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) to the platform, which can improve the productivity and efficiency of developers reading and writing to SharePoint lists.

1. LINQ to SharePointprovider and the SPMetal.exe utility.
2. SharePoint developers can write LINQ queries. At compile time, the LINQ queries will be translated to CAML queries.

LINQ to SharePoint is a new feature of SharePoint 2010. LINQ stands for Language Integrated Query which is a part of .NET. The aim of LINQ is to support different data sources using the same Typed Query Syntax. Presently it supports Objects, Datasets, SQL, Entities, XML, etc.

CAML:.

CAML - Collaborative Application Markup Language

Ø XML- Extensible Markup Language based query language

Ø Used to perform a query operation against SharePoint Lists

CAML stands for Collaborative Application Markup Language. CAML is XML based language which provides data constructs that build up the SharePoint fields, view, and is used for table definition during site provisioning

1. CAML is always better than LINQ because if you write LINQ query then finally it converts in CAML internally so it down the performance.
2. Of course there is other advantages of LINQ like: Sorting/filtering/can return objects /
3. Most imp part, it is object oriented etc.

Disadvantages of using Linq: 1. During the run time the LINQ query itself gets converted into a CAML query, which is an extra step ahead that takes more time . This can be avoided if we write a CAML query itself straight away.

2. Also, we generate a DataContext class using the SPMetal.exe. This class is the one which we use in our project to generate LINQ queries. This class is not generated dynamically. So, if we do any changes in any of the lists or libraries in our site it is not reflected in the DataContext class. We have to generate a new class whenever we make any changes in the site.

3. Unlike CAML queries, LINQ to SharePoint has no use if we are going to access SharePoint data in Silverlight using Client Object Model.

4. Fields like Created, CreatedBy, Modified and ModifiedBy of a SharePoint list are not created by SPMetal to be used in the LINQ queries.

5. LINQ to SharePoint cannot be implemented for an External list.

Client Object Model

Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Software Development Kit (SDK) introduces three new client APIs that allow you to interact with SharePoint sites from script that executes in the browser

1. from code (no earlier than Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5) that executes in a .NET managed application, or

2. from code that executes in a Microsoft Silverlight 2.0 application.

3.; The new ECMAScript (JavaScript, JScript),

The following table shows the equivalent objects that the new APIs provide for common SharePoint Foundation 2010 server objects.

Client Object Model vs Server Object Model in SharePoint 2010 ?

Using Client Object Model we can access the data from the system where SharePoint server is not installed on the machine via Web Services, API(application porgramming interface) , JavaScript etc.

Whereas In Server Object Model is like a Production Server Environment to access the data where share point server installed on the machine

workflow

1). The workflow feature in Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 enables solution architects, designers, and administrators to improve business processes.

2). SharePoint Foundation 2010 workflows are made available to end-users at the list or document-library level. Workflows can be added to documents or list items. Workflowcan also be added to content types.

3). Multiple workflows can run simultaneously on the same item, but only one instance of a specific workflow can run on a specific item

Fundamentally, a workflow consists of two things:

1. The forms that a workflow uses to interact with its users and the logic that defines the workflow’s behavior.

2. Understanding how workflows are created requires knowledge about both.

Workflow's are associated with List , Library, Site content type , Site

Benefits of using workflows

The primary benefits of using workflows are to facilitate business processes and improve collaboration.

Workflow life cycle:

SharePoint workflow cycle is very much unique to SharePoint environment. SharePoint workflows are always connected in context with SharePoint content like list or a document.
There are four stages in the SharePoint workflow cycle. They are

Associate: Association forms address how the workflow applies to a specific list, library, or content type. In this stage, workflow is associated with a content type like list or a document.

Association forms are displayed to administrators when they first decide to add—or associate—a workflow with a particular list, document library, or content type.

Initiate: Initiation forms address how the workflow applies to a specific SharePoint item. In this stage, the workflow created is to be initiated. Workflow are noting but classes. So a workflow instance needs to be created to start the workflow in action.

Initiation forms are displayed to users when they start a workflow on a specific SharePoint item.

Modify: In third stage, the instance of the workflow is modified as per the workflow stages.

Complete: Finally the workflow object is terminated.

http://sharepointquicksolutions.blogspot.in/2012/06/sharepoint-workflows-interview.html

Site definitoin

A site definition is the basic blueprint for a site.

-> site definition consists of .aspx pages and .xml files with Collaborative Application Mark-up Language (CAML).

-> major benefit is that the Page and List definition is read locally from the file system, not from Content Database.

A site definition in Sharepoint consists of two parts

ONET.xml: Contains the bulk of the actual site definition
WEBTEMP.xml: it contains This is a collection of templates which are defined by ONET.xml files.

Feature

A SharePoint Feature is a Functional component that can be used for activated and deactivated at various scopes throughout a SharePoint instances, scope of which are defined as

Feature Scopes

FARM - Activate Feature for an entire server farm.

WEB APPLICATION - Activate Feature for all websites in a web application.

SITE - Activate Feature for all websites in a site collection.

WEB - Activate Feature for a Specific website.

Features have their own receiver architecture, which allow you to trap events such as when a feature is Installing, Uninstalling, Activated, or Deactivated.

Feature Components:

We can create menu commands, 1)Custom Actions 2)page templates 3)page instances, 4)list definitions, 5)list instances,6)event handlers,7)web parts 8)workflows as feature.

Timer job

1. A Timer Job is a periodically executed task inside SharePoint Server.

2. It provides us a task execution environment.

3. These tasks will having execution periods like:

Minute, hour, day, week, monthly, yearly

There are many timer jobs inside SharePoint which do internal tasks like:

: Send emails

: Validate sites

: Delete unused sites

: Health analysis

: Product versioning

: Diagnostics

Timer Jobs can be scheduled for automating jobs inside SharePoint 2010

SPJobDefinition is the base class for Timer Job

Create Event Receiver Feature to create or delete the timer job

SPFeatureReceiver is the base class for the event receiver

The feature gets deployed in the 14hive folder

OWSTIMER.EXE is the process executing Timer Jobs

SPSecurity.RunWithElevatedPrivileges Method

RunWithElevatedPrivileges Method:

Executes the specified method with Full Control rights even if the user does not otherwise have Full Control.

A delegate method that is to run with elevated rights. This method runs under the Application Pool identity, which has site collection administrator privileges on all site collections hosted by that application pool.

SPSecurity.RunWithElevatedPrivileges(delegate()

{

using (SPSite site = new SPSite(web.Site.ID))

{

// implementation details omitted

}

});

BCS

Microsoft Business Connectivity Services (BCS) (formerly named the Business Data Catalog) provides read/write access to external data from line-of-business (LOB) systems, Web services, databases, and other external systems

within Microsoft SharePoint 2010 and Microsoft Office 2010 applications.Both SharePoint 2010 and Office 2010 applications have product features that can use external data directly, both online and offline. Developers can gain access to a rich set of features and rapidly build solutions using familiar tools such as Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2010.

Business Connectivity Services enhances Office application and SharePoint application capabilities and their user interface (UI) through features, services, and tools. These enhanced capabilities and UI streamline development of solutions with deep integration of external data and services. Experienced users, developers, and business unit IT professionals can integrate assets from external systems and enable interaction with the external data through many types of Office client and server applications.The Business Connectivity Services feature set enables rapid development and deployment of scalable and security-rich solutions. The following diagram shows a high-level view of Business Connectivity Services.

High-level view of Business Connectivity Services

Explain the Share Point Architecture:

Having 3 layers, like 3 tire architecture
1. WFE (Front End Web Server>) 2. Application Layer 3. Data base Layer

1.Front End WEB Server -

Here we have share point Installed.

We have 12-hive structure & virtual drives.

Here IIS web sites are hosted.

Here servers are clustered on & are in synch.

2. Application Layer: -

SharePoint provides different services.

This layer provides those services, like my site hosting, user profile & searching etc.

One server can be dedicated to particular service depend upon the scalability.

3. Data Base Layer: -

Here we have SQL server installed.

Here content DB is hosted.

For moss 2007, it is SQL server 2005. For Share Point 2010, it is SQL server 2008.

Here servers are clustered on & are in synch.

SharePoint Server 2010 Web Services

Web Service	Description
WebSvcOrganizationProfileService	Provides an interface for remote clients to read and create organization profiles.
WebSvcPublishedLinksService	Provides a published links interface for remote clients to read and create published links.
WebSvcSearch	Provides methods that can be used to remotely query SharePoint Server search.
WebSvcSocialDataService	Provides an interface for remote clients to read, create, and manipulate social data.
WebSvcUserProfileChangeService	Provides a user profile interface for remote clients to read and create user profiles.
WebSvcUserProfileService	Provides a user profile interface for remote clients to read and create user profiles.

Difference between Stored Procedure and Function?

Function are compiled and executed at run time.

Stored Procedure are stored in parsed and compiled format in the database.

Function cannot affect the state of the database which means we cannot perform CRUD operation on the database.

Stored Procedure can affect the state of the database by using CRUD operations.

Store Procedure can return zero or n values whereas Function can return only one value.

Store Procedure can have input, output parameters for it whereas functions can have only input parameters.

Function can be called from Stored Procedure whereas Stored Procedure cannot be called from Function.

What is LINQ to Sharepoint ?

Ans.

· LINQ is a feature of the programming languages C# 3.0 and Visual Basic .NET

· LINQ adds, to each of the languages, a SQL-like syntax and vocabulary for querying data sources.

· LINQ to Sharepoint allows developers to use SQL-like syntax to query Lists and Libraries in Sharepoint.

· LINQ to Sharepoint internally converts the LINQ query to a CAML query to fetch records

· Advantage : Strongly typed access to the entities of the list.

· Disadvantage : If the new columns are added or its datatype changed, the datacontext class used by LINQ is no longer valid and may break the code

1 - What is the difference between CustomMasterUrl & MasterUrl?

Ans. MasterUrl is used to change the layout of all use end pages but CustomMasterUrl is for changing the layout of admin side pages.

2- What are the zones in SharePoint?

Zones provides the separate logical paths of authentication for the same web application
We can create 5 zones for each web application as follows :
a.Default
b.Intranet
c.Extranet
d.Internet
e. Custom

What is Shredded Storage?
With Shredded Storage feature enabled, every document and the Changes made to the document, is stored in SQL as multiple “Shredded BLOBS“. Whenever a new Version of a document is Created, only the BLOBs of the document that Corresponds to the Change are saved as opposed to the entire document as a new version.This feature helps to lower down the amount of storage required for saving files.

3-What is a DWP?

The file extension of a web part.

What is Diff between BDC and BCS

BDC- Business data Catalog
BCS-Business Connectivity Service

Business data Catalog:

Connect to External Database and view in share point
we can only read in database

Business Connectivity Service

Its new in SharePoint 2010
Itw we have Read and write in database

Sharepoint Architecture

We have 3 layer architecture

WFE <Front End Web Server>
2. Application Layer
3. Data base Layer

1. WFE

share point Installed.
12-hive structure & virtual drives.
IIS web sites are hosted.
servers are clustered on & are in synch.

2. Application Layer

Share Point provides different services.
This layer provides those services, like my site hosting, user profile & searching etc.
One server can be dedicated to particular service depend upon the scalability.

3. Data Base Layer

Here we have SQL server installed.
Here content DB is hosted.
For moss 2007, it is SQL server 2005. For Share Point 2010, it is SQL server 2008.
Here servers are clustered on & are in synch.

* Every layer has load balancer for control the traffic.

Custom Feature

Create xml file named feature.xml and its manifest file. save file to 12- hive \template\feature.

How to install  feature file?

Go to command prompt, navigate 12- hive bin folder & run the command.

Stsadm -0 installfeature –filename <filelocation+name>

How to Activate  feature?

Go to command prompt, navigate 12- hive bin folder & run the command.

Stsadm -0 activefeature –name <name> -url <url>

How to Deactivate feature?

Go to command prompt, navigate 12- hive bin folder & run the command.

Stsadm -0 deactivefeature –name <name> -url <url>

How to uninstall  feature?

Go to command prompt, navigate 12- hive bin folder & run the command.

Stsadm -0 uninstallfeature –filename <filelocation+name>

How to Deploy WSP file?

In command promt Navigate to 12 hive Folder after write Commant line

STSadm -o addsoultion -filename filelocation

Then go to "central administration -> operations" under "global configuration" there is "solution management" click on that.

Then click on "wsp file name", and then click on "deploy solution" for deploy it, for retrieve click on "retrieve solution", for remove it click on "remove solution" after retrieve it.

Question :

What are the editions of SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

Foundation
Standard
Enterprise

Question :

Versions of SharePoint Releases?

Answer :

Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server - 2001
Microsoft SharePoint Portal Server - 2003
Microsoft Office SharePoint Server - 2007
Microsoft SharePoint - 2010

Question :

What are the components of SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

The components are (starting from top level)
Server Farms
Service Applications
Application Pools
Web Applications
Zones
Content Database
Site Collections
Sites

Question :

What is a Server Farm in the context of SharePoint?

Answer :

Server Farm is a collection of SharePoint Servers, Database Backend(SQL Server) and may include Exchange Server & other servers that operate as services.

Question :

What is the use of Search feature in SharePoint?

Answer :

The search feature not only lets one search for people but also the content and information that is accessible as per the user privileges.

Question :

What are the Search Options available in SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

SharePoint Server search
and
FAST Search

Question :

What is Performance Point Services?

Answer :

Using this service, a user can create visualizations of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on Dashboards, Scorecards that are useful in Business Intelligence.

Question :

What are Communities?

Answer :

These are the social groups that can be designed/customized in SharePoint. This is majorly implemented for sharing of knowledge across groups.

Question :

What is Enterprise Content Management?

Answer :

This feature in SharePoint helps to maintain and share documents and other content types across length and breadth of organization as per the appropriate permissions.

Question :

What is SharePoint Online?

Answer :

SharePoint can be deployed on the cloud using SharePoint Online.

Question :

What is a Web Front End Server?

Answer :

It is the server that delivers the HTTP response to client after it was processed (by any backend servers).

Question :

What is a Query Server in SharePoint Farm?

Answer :

This server is responsible to return results obatined from Index Server. It has the capacity to store a local copy of index results temporarily to avoid a trip to index server.

Question :

What is Quota Management in SharePoint?

Answer :

It sets predefined maximum limit capacity of content that a site can have.

Question :

What is an application pool?

Answer :

A group of one or more URLs that are served by a particular worker process or set of worker processes.

Question :

Why are application pools important?

Answer :

They provide a way for multiple sites to run on the same server but still have their own worker processes and identity.

Question :

What are zones?

Answer :

Different logical paths (URLs meaning) of gaining access to the same SharePoint Web application.

What is a site collection?

Answer :

A site collection contains a top-level website and can contain one or more sub-sites web sites that have the same owner and share administration settings.

Question :

What are content databases?

Answer :

A content database can hold all the content for one or more site collections.

Question :

What is a site?

Answer :

A site in SharePoint contains Web pages and related assets such as lists, all hosted within a site collection.

Question :

What are My Sites?

Answer :

Specialized SharePoint sites personalized and targeted for each user.

Question :

What is the difference between Classic mode authentication and Claims-based authentication?

Answer :

classic authentication supports NT authentication types like Kerberos, NTLM, Basic, Digest, and anonymous.
Claims based authentication uses claims identities against a against a trusted identity provider

Question :

When would you use claims, and when would you use classic?

Answer :

Classic is more commonly seen in upgraded 2007 environments whereas claims are the recommended path for new deployments.

Question :

How to Define blocked file Type in sharepoint 2010?

Answer :

1. Goto Central Administration and click Security.

2. On the Security page, in the General Security section, click Define blocked file types.

3. On the Blocked File Types page, Select the desired Web Application.

4. To block a file type, scroll to the bottom of the Type each file extension on a separate line text box and type the file extension you want to block and then click OK

SharePoint Installation and Administration

Question :

What are the hardware requirements for installing SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

Processor: 64-bit
RAM: 4 GB Minimum and 6 GB is recommended.

Question :

What are the software requirements for installing SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

Software Requirements:
Operating system: 64-bit (Windows Server SP2 and higher or Windows 2008 R2) for production
Or can use 64 bit Windows Vista or 64 bit Windows 7 for development and not for production.
RDBMS: SQL Server 64 bit 2005 SP2 or higher.

Question :

What is the role of Prerequisite Installer in SharePoint 2010 installer?

Answer :

It helps in installing all the components that SharePoint will need and if these are not found locally then these will be downloaded. It also configures IIS and related applications as per the requirements of SharePoint.

Question :

What is PreUpgradeCheck?

Answer :

This is a tool used to check for compatibility tests for upgrading to SharePoint 2010.

Question :

Which tool would you use to check if the system is ready for installing SharePoint 2010 for the first time?

Answer :

Prerequisite Installer. It will be located in SharePoint 2010 setup folder.

Question :

What are the 2 upgrade methods available for SharePoint 2007 to SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

in-place(on existing hardware) and
database attach(on new hardware)

Question :

What is Central Administration?

Answer :

It is the Administration block with all the required privileges to manage the site and handle resources available in SharePoint.

Question :

What are the modules/components available in Central Administration?

Answer :

Application Management
System Settings
Monitoring
Backup and Restore
Security
Upgrade and Migration
General Application Settings
Configuration Wizards

What are Services Application?

Answer :

Certain features such as Managed Metadata, Profile Import, Business Data Catalog, Search, etc., are available as Service Applications that can be turned on/off to save unnecessary processing.

Question :

What are the levels of Administrators available in SharePoint?

Answer :

Two:
Site Collection Administrator:
has all the rights and
Members of Administrator site group:
has the same rights as Site Collection Admin except on the subset that uses modified permissions set.

Question :

What is a Document Library?

Answer :

It is a set of files that can be shared among users as per the privileges.

Question :

What types of files can be stored in Document Library?

Answer :

Excel, Word, PowerPoint, PDF, etc.

Question :

What is Authentication?

Answer :

Authentication process is for proving the identity of a user to the computer. In general it means to verify that the user who actually they say they are.

Question :

What is Authorization?

Answer :

It is a process preceeded after authentication. This process lets an authenticated user to use the reosurces as defined in policy/permissions.

Question :

Name a few tables of Content Database.

Answer :

SharePoint_Config: has data of SharePoint databases, websites, web and farm settings, etc.
SharePoint_AdminContent(Central Administrator database)
Search_Service_Application_DB_(for Search service)
Application_ProfileDB_ (User Profile Service)
FASTSearchAdminDatabase (for FAST search)

Question :

What is Quota Template?

Answer :

Quota defines the storage limit for a site collection. A quota template contains the rule of storage and can be set to any collection once it is created. We can set the daily usage and also provide an email id to receive a warning message if the daily usage crosses the limit.

ContentTypes

Question :

How can we get Feature ID?

Answer :

Start->All Programs->Microsoft visual studio->Microsoft SDK Tools->GUID Genrator.

Question :

What are Template Id’s for Custom List and Document library?

Answer :

Sr.no Temple name Temple ID
1 Custom List 100
2 Document Library 101
3 Survey 102
4 Links Link 103
5 Announcements 104
6 Contacts 105
7 Events 106
8 Task List 107
9 Discussion Board 108
10 Picture Library 109

Question :

How a content type can have receivers associated with it?

Answer :

Yes, a content type can have an event receiver associated with it, either inheriting from theSPListEventReciever base class for list level events, or inheriting from the SPItemEventReciever base class. Whenever the content type is instantiated, it will be subject to the event receivers that are associated with it.

Question :

How can we derive a list definition from a custom content type?

Answer :

A list definition can be derived from a content type which can be seen in the schema.XML of the list definition in the element.

Question :

Which type of lists will contents type by default?

Answer :

No List will allow content types by default.

Question :

How an content type can be allowed in List?

Answer :

Select List ->List Settings->Advanced List Settings->Allow management of content types
->yes.

Question :

How an content type can be allowed in List?

Answer :

Select List ->List Settings->Advanced List Settings->Allow management of content types
->yes.
Programmatically, get a reference to the SPList object in server code or the List object in client code; then set the ContentTypesEnabled property to true.

Enterprise Content Management

Question :

What are Main ECM features?

Answer :

There are Five main ECM features they are  :
1.      Managed Metadata Service
2.      Enterprise Content Types
3.      Document Id Service
4.      Document Sets.
5.      In Place Records Management

Question :

What is Manage Metadata Service ?

Answer :

Managed metadata is a hierarchical collection of centrally managed terms that you can define, and then use as attributes for items in Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010..

Question :

Definition of term and term set ?

Answer :

• A term is a word or a phrase that can be associated with an item in SharePoint Server 2010.
• A term set is a collection of related terms. You can specify that a Microsoft SharePoint Server column must contain a term from a specific term set

Question :

What is document set in SharePoint 2010 ?

Answer :

Document sets are components, similar to folders that enable users to collaborate on related documents without having to create a new document library or site.

Question :

What are the advantage of Document Set

Answer :

•      Common metadata for documents in a document set
•      Automatic creation of default documents when document sets are set up
•      A web part page called a welcome page that displays all the content of the document set

Question :

What is Document ID Service in sharePoint 2010 ?

Answer :

1. Document ID capability is activated and managed at the site collection level. This capability includes an ID value and the ID service.
2. IDs can be used to retrieve items independent of their current location. The ID service supports this process by generating and assigning the IDs to the documents.
3. Once the ID is assigned, a static URL can be used to locate the document based on its ID. Static URLs work correctly at the site collection level because the web browser manages the redirect before it invokes the specific Office client application.

Question :

What is Managed Metadata?

Answer :

Managed metadata is a hierarchical collection of centrally managed terms that you can define, and then use as attributes for items.

Question :

How do Terms And Term Sets relate to Managed Metadata?

Answer :

Managed metadata is a way of referring to the fact that terms and term sets can be created and managed independently from the columns themselves.

uestion :

Are there different types of Term Sets?

Answer :

There are Local Term Sets and Global Term Sets, one created within the context of a site collection and the other created outside the context of a site collection, respectively.

Question :

How are terms created and used?

Answer :

There are several ways; however the most common is to use the Term Store Management Tool.

Question :

How is Managed Metadata, and the related Term technology used?

Answer :

Through the UI, the most common use is through the managed metadata list column which allows you to specify the term set to use. It also related to searching and enhancing the user search experience.

PowerShell

What is Windows Powershell ?

Answer :

Windows PowerShell is a new Windows command-line shell designed especially for system administrators

Question :

What are cmdlet's?

Answer :

Windows PowerShell introduces the concept of a cmdlet which are simple build in commands, written in a .net language like C# or VB.

Question :

Where is Powershell located in sharePoint ?

Answer :

On the Start menu, click All Programs -> Click Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products -> Click SharePoint 2010 Management Shell.

Can you Create PowerShell scripts for deploying components in SharePoint ?

Answer :

If you are creating a webpart with VS 2010 then you can deploy it using ctrl + f5. However, to activate the webpart feature you can write a powershell script (.ps1) and execute it after dpeloyment.

Question :

Write a Powershell command to Delete WebApplication?

Answer :

Remove-SPWebApplication –identity -URL <http://sitename> -Co

Question :

Write a Powershell commandCreate\Delete a Site Collection ?

Answer :

Create a Site collection:

Get-SPWebTemplate

$template = Get-SPWebTemplate "STS#0"

New-SPSite –Url "<URL for the new site collection>" –OwnerAlias "<domain\user>" –Template $template

Here $template is a Variable to store the type of template we want to use while creating a site collection.

Delete a Site Collection:

Remove-SPSite –Identity <URL> –GradualDelete

Here <URL > is a site Collection Url .

Question :

How to list all the commands in PowerShell ?

Answer :

Get-Command * commands gets you all the Powershell commands.

Question :

Write Powershell command to Create Web Application Variable?

Answer :

$webapp = Get-SPWebApplication "http://WebapplicationUrl"

Question :

Write a command Deploy WebPartSoluitonPackage ?

Answer :

Install -SPWebPartPack -LiteralPath "Pathoffile" -Name "NameOFWebPart"

Question :

Write a command to To Enable SharePoint cmdlets in PowerShell ?

Answer :

Add-PSSnapin 'Microsoft.SharePoint.PowerShell'

Question :

Write a Powershell command to Create a Web Application?

Answer :

$Name = “Web application created usingpowershell”
$port = 2000
$URL = Http://Server
$AppPoolName = “Sp Default App Pool Using Powershell”
$AppPoolAccount = Get-SPMANAGEDAccount “DSS\AdDMINISTRATOR”
NEW-SPWEBApplication –Name $Name –Port –URL $URL –APPLICATION $AppPOOLNAMW –APPLICATIONPOOLACCOUNT $AppPoolACCOUNT

Question :

Write a Powershell command to Create Site Collection?

Answer :

$title = “Site Created using powershell “
$URL =http://server:2000
$Owner = “DSS\Administrator”
$template =”STS#0”
New –SPSITE -URL $url –Name $title -OwnerAlias $owner –Template $template

Question :

Write PowerShell Commanto Create a SubSite?

Answer :

$template = Get-SPWebTemplate “BLOG#0”
New-SPWeb http://server: 20000/Subsite” –Template $template

Question :

How to Install WSPSoliution using powershell command ?

Answer :

Add-SPSolution c:\code\SharePointProject\bin\debug\WebPart.wsp

Question :

How deploy the WSP package using powershell command?

Answer :

Install-SPSolution –Identity SharePointProject.wsp –GACDeployment

Question :

Write a command to uninstall the specific WSP package?

Answer :

Uninstall-SPSolution –Identity SharePointProject2.wsp

Question :

Write a command to remove the package from solution ?

Answer :

Remove-SPSolution –Identity SharePointProject2.wsp

Search

Question :

What is Purpose of Enterprise Search Solution?

Answer :

• Ensure that enterprise data from multiple systems can be indexed
• Ensure that users do not need to know where the data is, before they start searching.
• Ensure that searches provide accurate ranking for relevant results
• Ensure that your enterprise search solution identifies people and expertise within your organization

Question :

What is a content source in relation to SharePoint search? What’s the minimum amount of content sources?

Answer :

A content source is a set of options that you can use to specify what type of content is crawled, what URLs to crawl, and how deep and when to crawl. You must create at least one content source before a crawl can occur.

Question :

What is a search scope?

Answer :

A search scope defines a subset of information in the search index. Users can select a search scope when performing a search.

Question :

What is a federated location with SharePoint search?

Answer :

Federated locations provide information that exists outside of your internal network to your end-users.

Question :

How does managed metadata affect search?

Answer :

Enhances the end-user search experience by mapping crawled properties to managed properties. Managed properties show up in search results and help users perform more successful queries.

Question :

What is query logging in SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

Collects information about user search queries and search results that users select on their computers to improve the relevancy of search results and to improve query suggestions.

Question :

What authentication type does the SharePoint crawler use?

Answer :

The crawl component requires access to content using NTLM authentication.

Workflow

Question :

What is a workflow?

Answer :

Workflows are the way an organization functions, a series of actions that correspond to a work process, such as the process for purchase orders.SharePoint 2010 helps you automate these workflows, thereby increasing the efficiency and productivity of the organization.

Question :

What are the types of workflow that you can design in SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

you can design List Workflows, Reusable List Workflows and Site workflows using SharePoint designer 2010.

Question :

What Reusable List Workflows and Site workflows ?

Answer :

Reusable List Workflows -
You can create a reusable list workflow (reusable workflow) in the top-level site in the site collection, and that workflow can be made globally reusable — meaning that the workflow can be associated to any list, library, or content type in the site collection. You can also create a reusable workflow in any subsite in the site collection; this workflow is available for reuse in that particular subsite.

Site workflows - A site workflow is associated to a site — not to a list, library, or content type. So unlike most workflows, a site workflow is not running on a specific list item. Because of this, many of the actions that are available for items not available for site workflows.

Question :

Can you modify the Out-of-Box workflows in SharePoint 2010 ?

Answer :

In SharePoint 2010, you have an option to customize the Out-of-Box workflows. The four most popular workflows in SharePoint Server 2007 — the Approval, Collect Feedback, Collect Signatures, Publishing Approval workflows — have been completely rebuilt as declarative reusable workflows, meaning that they are now fully customizable in SharePoint Designer 2010.

uestion :

What are events, actions, conditions and steps?

Answer :

Lets look at this one by one.
Events - An event is what starts or initiates a workflow. Events can also be used to manage the timing of actions within a workflow, such as waiting for the status of an item to change. There are three events that can start a workflow:
* An item is created.
* An item is changed.
* A workflow participant clicks a start button on the SharePoint site.

Actions – An action is the most basic unit of work in a workflow. SharePoint Designer 2010 provides a set of ready-made, reusable actions for you to incorporate into your workflow.
For example, your workflow can:
* Create, copy, change, or delete list items (including documents).
* Check items in or out.
* Send an e-mail message.
Conditions - When you design a workflow, you can use the workflow editor to create rules that apply conditional logic to SharePoint sites, lists, items and content types. A rule establishes a condition where the workflow performs the associated action only if that condition is true. For example, you can create a rule where the workflow sends a reviewer an e-mail message only if an item is created by a specific person.

Question :

What are Parallel and Serial actions ?

Answer :

When you have more than one action associated with a condition, the actions can be set up to run at the same time (parallel) or one after another (serial), the default.

Question :

What are the Types of forms associated with the workflow ?

Answer :

With SharePoint Designer 2010, you can create three types of workflow forms:

Initiation form – An initiation form gathers information from the workflow participant when they start the workflow. It is automatically generated when you create the workflow in SharePoint Designer 2010. Initiation forms are displayed to users when they manually start a workflow on a given SharePoint item. With an initiation form, users can specify additional parameters or information about the workflow as it applies to the given SharePoint item.

Task form – A custom task form allows workflow participants to interact with tasks in the Tasks list specified for the workflow. With the Custom Task Wizard, you can easily create custom form fields and add them to a custom task form. When you finish designing the workflow, SharePoint Designer 2010 automatically generates the InfoPath or ASP.NET forms for your custom tasks.

Reusable workflow – association form – A reusable workflow, by default, only provides the fields common to all items, such as Created and Modified by. This is because a reusable workflow isn’t by default associated with a list, library, or content type. An association form enables you to associate fields with a reusable workflow so that the fields will be available when you design and run the workflow.

Question :

When are these forms get created ? And how do you customize it ?

Answer :

SharePoint Designer 2010 automatically generates the forms, but you can customize them by going to the settings page for the workflow, in the Forms section, click the form you want to customize. Workflow forms are either InfoPath or ASP.NET pages. They are stored on the SharePoint site with the workflow source files.

Question :

When are these forms get created ? And how do you customize it ?

Answer :

Question :

What is the difference between method activity and event activity in WorkFlow ?

Answer :

A method activity is one that performs an action, such as creating or updating a task. An event activity is one that runs in response to an action occurring

API Server Object Model

Question :

What is Object Model?

Answer :

An Object Model is group of Objects related with each other using “Has A” relationship (containment).
Microsoft SharePoint Foundation offers a highly structured server-side object model that makes it easy to access objects that represent the various aspects of a SharePoint Web site

Question :

What is SPSite?

Answer :

1. Despite its singular name,represents a set of logically related SPWeb objects. Each SPSite object or site collection is represented within a SPSiteCollection object that consists of the collection of all site collections on the virtual server.
Note: SPSite is NOT a .net collection, in another words, you cannot use foreach to loop SPSite. To do this, you have to use SPWebCollection.

Question :

SPWebCollection Represent?

Answer :

Represents a collection of SPWeb objects

Question :

SPWeb Represent?

Answer :

Represents a SharePoint Web site.

Question :

SPFolderRepresents ?

Answer :

Represents a folder on a SharePoint Web site.

Question :

SPList Reprersent?

Answer :

Object that has members that are used to manage the list or access items in the list

Question :

SPListCollection Represent?

Answer :

SPListCollectionObject that represents all the lists in the site

Question :

What does a SPWebApplication object represent?

Answer :

The SPWebApplication objects represents a SharePoint Web Application, which essentially is an IIS virtual server.

Question :

SPFieldCollection Represent for?

Answer :

SPFieldCollection Represent all the fields, or columns, in the list

Question :

What does a SPWebApplication object represent?

Answer :

The SPWebApplication objects represents a SharePoint Web Application, which essentially is an IIS virtual server.

Question :

SPFieldCollection Represent for?

Answer :

SPFieldCollection Represent all the fields, or columns, in the list

Question :

Where we find dll files that are required for SharePoint

Answer :

All dll files that are required for SharePoint to function can be found in the folders ISAPI and bin at c:\Program files\Common files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14\ISAPI

Question :

How to get a reference to the site collection .

Answer :

SPSite oSiteCollection = SPContext.Current.Site;

Question :

How to get a reference to all the webs or sites in a site collection -

Answer :

SPWeb oWebSite = SPContext.Current.Site.AllWebs["mySite"];
WebSite.Dispose();
Note : You should explicitly dispose of references to objects that are obtained through the AllWebs() or Openweb() property. You can also use using clause
like below to avoid calling the dispose off method and let sharepoint do this for you.

Question :

Can you add a Cutsom Http Handler in SharePoint ?

Answer :

Yes, a Custom httphandler can be deployed in _layouts folder in SharePoint. Also, we need to be register the handler in the webapp's webconfig file.

Question :

How to print names of sites in a particular web Application(http://server:10000/) ?

Answer :

SPSite site = new SPSite("http://server:10000/");
foreach (SPWeb web in site.AllWebs)
Console.WriteLine(web.Title);

Question :

Write a program to get number of Lists in a website

Answer :

     //to get reference of single site and open it
        SPWeb web = new SPSite("http://server:10000/SubSite").OpenWeb();
     //to display the list on the console
         foreach (SPList list in web.Lists)
         Console.WriteLine(list.Title);

Question :

What is a SPSite and SPWeb object, and what is the difference between each of the objects?

Answer :

The SPSite object represents a collection of sites (site collection [a top level site and all its subsites]). The SPWeb object represents an instance SharePoint Web, and SPWeb object contains things like the actual content. A SPSite object contains the various subsites and the information regarding them.

Question :

Write a programmatically change themes of all sites in http://server:10000 ?

Answer :

SPSite site = new SPSite("http://server:10000/");
SPWeb web = site.OpenWeb();
var managedThemes = ThmxTheme.GetManagedThemes(site);
foreach (var th in managedThemes)
{
if (th.Name == "Graham")
{
th.ApplyTo(web, true);
break;
}

Question :

Write aProgram To remove all the links in QLB in a SharePoint Website through a program?

Answer :

            SPWeb web = new SPSite("http://server:10000/sites/training/msnet").OpenWeb();
            SPWeb web = new SPSite("http://server:10000/sites/training ").OpenWeb(“/msnet”);
            //to remove each list from the Quick Launch Bar
            foreach (SPList list in web.Lists)
            {
                list.OnQuickLaunch = false;  //to change property of the list
                list.Update();             //since list properties are changed
            }

Question :

programmatically rename the column header in a list. Change the header of column “Title” to “EmpName” in the Employee list of website (http://server:10000/developers)

Answer :

SPWeb web = new SPSite("http://server:10000/ ").OpenWeb();
            //to get reference to the list Employee
            SPList EmpList = web.Lists["Employee"];
            //to get reference of the Title field and change  it
            SPField field = EmpList.Fields["Title"];
            field.Title = "EmpName";
            field.Update();

Question :

Write a Program to add Validation to a field in the List?

Answer :

        SPList lstScores = web.Lists.TryGetList("Student"); //Returns null if the list is not existing.
        if (lstScores != null)
        {
            SPFieldNumber fldMarks = lstScores.Fields.GetField("Marks") as SPFieldNumber;
            fldMarks.ValidationFormula = "=AND([Marks]<=100,[Marks]>0)";
            fldMarks.ValidationMessage = "Invalid marks entered. Please enter a value between 1-100.";
            fldMarks.Update();
        }

Sharepoint Feature

Question :

What is a SharePoint Feature? Features are installed at what scope

Answer :

A SharePoint Feature is a functional component that can be activated and deactivate at various scopes throughout a SharePoint instances, scope of which are defined as
1. Farm level
2. Web Application level
3. Site level
4. Web level

Question :

What type of components can be created or deployed as a feature?

Answer :

We can create menu commands, Custom Actions,page templates, page instances, list definitions, list instances,eventhandlers,webparts and workflows as feature.

Question :

Where Farm Feature Deployed ?

Answer :

To manage features at Farm level: Central Administration?System Settings ? Manage Farm Features (Farm Management). Here we can activate or deactivate farm level features

Question :

Where Application Scope Deployed ?

Answer :

To manage features at Application level: Central Administration?Web Applications Management?Manage Web Application Features

Question :

Name a few Element Types available in Features?

Answer :

Content Type
Field
List Template
Receiver
Workflow

Question :

Where Site Scope Deployed?

Answer :

To manage features at site level: Open Top Level Site?Site Actions? Site settings?Site Collection Administration?Site Collection Features

Question :

Where Web scope can be Deplolyed ?

Answer :

To managefeatures at Page level: OpenPage-> Site Actions -> Site Settings ->[under Site Administration] Site Features

Question :

What are the Feature Events?

Answer :

•FeatureInstalled (SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties)
•FeatureUninstalling (SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties)
•FeatureActivated (SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties)
•FeatureDeactivating (SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties)
•FeatureUpgrading (SPFeatureReceiverProperties properties, String ,IDictionary<String, String>dic)

Question :

How to get the reference to site to acticate feature?

Answer :

SPSitesiteCollection = properties.Feature.Parent as SPSite

Question :

Write a Command to Install Wspsolution(but should not deploy it)?

Answer :

Add-SPSolution c:\code\SharePointProject\bin\debug\WebPart.wsp

Question :

Write a command to Deploy the WSP package?

Answer :

Install-SPSolution –Identity SharePointProject.wsp –GACDeployment

Question :

Write a command to uninstall the specific WSP package?

Answer :

Uninstall-SPSolution –Identity SharePointProject2.wsp

Question :

Write a command to remove the package from solution?

Answer :

Remove-spsolution –Identity SharePointProject2.wsp

Web Part

Question :

What is Webpart ?

Answer :

A Web Part, also called a Web Widget, is an ASP.NET server control which is added to a Web Part Zone on Web Part Pages by users at run time. The controls enable end users to modify the content, appearance, and behavior of Web pages directly from a browser. It can be put into certain places in a web page by end users, after developing by programmer

Question :

How do you debug SharePoint Webparts?

Answer :

To debug SharePoint webpart (or any solution) you can simply drag and drop your complied .dll in GAC and recycle the app pool. You can also run upgrade solution command from stsadm.

Question :

How would you retrieve large number of Items form the list ?

Answer :

To retrieve large number of items with a better performance we can either use SPQuery or PortalSiteMapProvider Class

Question :

How Do you implement Impersonation in SharePoint?

Answer :

By Using RunWithElevatedPrivileges method provided by SPSecurity class.
See e.g Impersonation in Sharepoint .

Question :

How will you add Code behind to a Custom Applictaion Page or a Layout Page in SharePoint?

Answer :

You do not deploy a code behind file with your custom Layouts page. Instead, you can have the page inherit from the complied dll of the solution to access the code behind.

Question :

What is the difference between a Site Definition and a Site Template?

Answer :

· Site Definitions are stored on the hard drive of the SharePoint front end servers. They are used by the SharePoint application to generate the sites users can create.

· Site Templates are created by users as a copy of a site they have configured and modified so that they do not have to recreate lists, libraries, views and columns every time they need a new instance of a site.

Question :

Can you give a example where feature receivers are used.

Answer :

You can use it to assign an event receiver feature to a specific type of list or can write a code in a feature receivers Deactivate method to remove a webpart from webpart gallery.

Question :

Where do you deploy the additional files used in your webpart, like css or javascript files, and how do you use them in your WebPart?

Answer :

You can deploy the css or javascript files in _layouts folder in SharePoint's 14hive. To use them in your webpart, you need to first register them to your webpart page and then specify a virtual path for the file for e.g. _layouts\MyCSS.css

Question :

What is the main difference between using SPListItem.Update() and SPListItem.SystemUpdate()?

Answer :

Using SystemUpdate() will not create a new version and will also retain timestamps

Question :

Which is faster a WebPart or a User Control?

Answer :

A WebPart renders faster than a User Control. A User Control in SharePoint is usually loaded by a webpart which adds an overhead.

Question :

While creating a Web part, which is the ideal location to Initialize my new controls?

Answer :

Override the CreateChildControls method to include your new controls. You can control the exact rendering of your controls by calling the .Render method in the web parts Render method.

Sandbox Solutions

Question :

What is a sandboxed solution?

Answer :

The Components that are deployed to run within the sandboxed process rather than running in the production Internet Information Services (IIS) worker process.

Question :

What are some examples of things that might run within the SharePoint sandbox?

Answer :

Any of the following are acceptable :
Web Parts
Event receivers
Feature receivers
Custom Microsoft SharePoint Designer workflow activities
Microsoft InfoPath business logic

Question :

What are the advantages of Sandboxed Solution?

Answer :

The custom code written can be deployed on production without affecting other sites.
If the code is expected to work in an abnormal way, the affect can be minimized on the whole site.
Easy to stop the Sandboxed solution from one central location(Central Administrator).

Question :

What are the differences between Farm and SandBoxed Solution?

Answer :

Farm:An application can run without any detailed monitoring Runs in an unrestricted environment.One application can affect the whole site performance
Sandboxed:An application runs with active monitoring

Event Receiver

Question :

What are event receivers?

Answer :

Event receivers are classes that inherit from the SpItemEventReciever or SPListEventReciever base class (both of which derive out of the abstract base class SPEventRecieverBase), and provide the option of responding to events as they occur within SharePoint, such as adding an item or deleting an item.

Question :

When would you use an event receiver?

Answer :

Since event receivers respond to events, you could use a receiver for something as simple as canceling an action, such as deleting a document library by using the Cancel property. This would essentially prevent users from deleting any documents if you wanted to maintain retention of stored data.

Question :

What base class do event receivers inherit from?

Answer :

Event receivers either inherit from the SPListEventReciever base class or the SPItemEventReciever base class, both which derive from the abstract base class SPEventReceiverBase.

Question :

If I wanted to not allow people to delete documents from a document library, how would I go about it?

Answer :

You would on the ItemDeleting event set: properties.Cancel= true.

Question :

What is the difference between an asynchronous and synchronous event receivers?

Answer :

An asynchronous event occurs after an action has taken place, and a synchronous event occurs before an action has take place. For example, an asynchronous event is ItemAdded, and its sister synchronous event is ItemAdding

Question :

What types of SharePoint assets can be deployed with a SharePoint feature?

Answer :

Features can do a lot. For example, you could deploy
•Simple site customizations
•Custom site navigation
•WebParts
•pages
•list types
•list instances
•event handlers
•workflows
•custom actions

Question :

When would you use an event receiver?

Answer :

SharePoint Designer

Question :

What is new in SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

SharePoint Designer is a tool intended to be used by site owners and power users to create and add functionality to SharePoint site, without needing to know how to write code.

Question :

How to Open a site in SharePoint Desinger ?

Answer :

Click the File tab, choose Sites, and perform one of the following:
•Click Open Site to browse available sites on the server.
•Click Customize My Site to open and customize your My Site.
•Under Recent Sites select a site that you've previously worked on

Question :

Can I open moss site in SharePoint 2010 designer?

Answer :

No ,SharePoint Designer 2010 works only with SharePoint 2010. If you try to open your MOSS sites with SPD 2010, it won’t work.

Question :

What Is Master Page?

Answer :

Master pages define the common layout and interface for SharePoint pages. The master page displays the persistent elements that you expect to see when you navigate from page to page on a site.
These elements can include a company logo, title, navigation menu, search box, and the colors or graphics associated with the business or organization.

Question :

What are Site Pages?

Answer :

1.Ghosted:Ghosted pages are Un-Customized pages whose content doesn’t reside in the content database. i.e. these are saved as a row in the table with a null value for Content column and not null value for SetupPath column pointing to the file on the file system)
2.Unghosted: Customized pages where Content of the pages is stored in Content database of the site. These type of pages do not support inline coding.

Question :

What are Application Pages?

Answer :

An application page is an .aspx file that runs out of the _layouts virtual directory and is deployed physically inside the SharePoint Root directory under the path: C:\Program Files\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\Template\Layouts

Question :

How many type of master Pages SharePoint 2010 Contain?

Answer :

V4.Master
default.master
minimal.master
simple.master

Question :

What is v4.master page?

Answer :

This is Default Team site master page. Provides ribbon bar

Question :

What is default.master?

Answer :

Sites upgraded from SharePoint 2007 use this unless they are changed to use a v4 version.
•Site actions is on right side and is same as SharePoint 2007 version
•No ribbon bar.

Question :

What is Minimal.master ?

Answer :

•It’s a slimmed down master page with almost nothing on it.
•It doesn’t even have navigation links.
•Search Center uses this.

Question :

What is simple.master?

Answer :

•This page is used for login and error pages
•It can’t be customized

Question :

What is Branding in SharePoint 2010?

Answer :

•For websites, branding usually refers to the colors, font, and images that are seen on the page as well as the HTML, CSS, and images.
•Branding for SharePoint websites also includes technologies such as master pages, page layouts, and Web Parts

Question :

What are Ghosted and UnGhosted Pages ?

Answer :

Ghosted:Ghosted pages are Un-Customized pages whose content doesn’t reside in the content database. i.e. these are saved as a row in the table with a null value for Content column and not null value for SetupPath column pointing to the file on the file system)

Unghosted: Customized pages where Content of the pages is stored in Content database of the site. These type of pages do not support inline coding.

Question :

What are the Steps to upload theme?

Answer :

1.Open your SharePoint site
2.Click Site Actions -> Site Settings
3.In the Look and Feel section, click Site theme
4.At the top of the page click the Theme Gallery link
5.Click the Documents tab -> Click Upload Document -> Click Browse
6.Browse to the <ThemeName>.thmx file you created and select it
7.Click OK -> Save

CUSTOMIZATION QUESTIONS

3. What are the Visual Studio 2010 Tools for SharePoint?

Visual Studio 2010 includes SharePoint-specific project types and project item types, and includes powerful packaging, deployment, and debugging features that help increase the efficiency as a SharePoint 2010 developer. Some of the Templates available are:
1. Visual Web Part project template.
2. List definition template.
3. Content Type template.
4. Empty Project template.
5. Event Receiver template.
6. Some workflow template.
7. the Site Definition template And many more....

5. How many types of Client Object model extension are available in 2010 and when would a developer use one or the other.

To develop rich client side solutions, three set of client-side APIs has been introduced in the Microsoft.SharePoint.Client namespace. The three APIs are targeted for three different types of clients.
1. .Net Managed applications – These are used when we have to create console applications or window applications, web applications which are not running inside SharePoint Context.
2. For Silverlight applications 3. ECMAScript – It is a client object model extension for using with JavaScript or JScript. This is used for creating applications, which are hosted inside SharePoint. For example, web part deployed in SharePoint site can use this JavaScript API for accessing SharePoint from browser using JavaScript.

6. How does user access ECMAScript object model API’s?

The ECMAScript library is available in a number of JS files in the LAYOUTS folder. The main file among number of .js files is SP.js. When developer includes this file in the APSX page using a ScriptLink control, all other required JS files are loaded automatically. By linking SP.js to the page, the SP namespace is registered. SP is the SharePoint namespace that contains all objects. For debugging purposes, every js file also has a ‘debug’ equivalent in the same folder.

7. What are the Authentication methods for the client object model application?

A developer can use three authentication options while working with the Client Object Model in SharePoint 2010:
1. Anonymous
2. Default
3. FormsAuthentication
Developer can specify clientContext.Authentication = Anonymous\Default\FormsAuthentication, If developer do not choose an authentication method in the code, the application will by default start using the client’s Windows Credentials (DefaultCredentials).

8. How can a developer write efficient and better performing client object applications?

Developer can always use Lambda expressions in their queries to return only specific properties that will be used in the block. Developer can also use LoadQuery() method and specify multiple levels of properties to load for e.g. while returning specific properties of the lists using LoadQuery(), developer can also specify the fields to return from each list to optimize the data access.

10. What is difference between Load() and LoadQuery() methods?

Load method populates the client object directly with what it gets data from the server i.e. a collection object like ListItemCollection etc. but LoadQuery returns the data as a completely new collection in IEnumerable format. Other major difference is that the Collections that user load using the Load() method are eligible for garbage collection only when the client context variable itself goes out of scope whereas, in LoadQuery() collections go out of scope at the end of IEnumerable<List> list.

11. What is the purpose of calling clientContext.ExecuteQuery()?

ExecuteQuery gives developer the option to minimize the number of roundtrips to the server from the client code. All the components loaded into the clientcontext are executed in one go.

12. What is REST?

How it is used in SharePoint 2010? REST (Representational State transfer) is a protocol (powered by ADO.NET services) which is used for getting data out of SharePoint via URL. It is mostly used to access data from SharePoint even when user is not in the SharePoint context.

13. What data type does REST return?

REST does not return an object of type SharePoint Site\List. Instead, it returns an XML output.

14. Why would a developer use LINQ over CAML for data retrieval?

Unlike CAML, with LINQ to SharePoint provider, developers are working with strongly typed list item objects. For example, an item in the Announcements list is an object of type Announcement and an item on a Tasks list is an object of type Task. Developer can then enumerate the objects and get the properties for their use. In addition, developer can take benefit of LINQ syntax and the LINQ keywords built into C# and VB for LINQ queries.

15. What are the Disadvantages of Using LINQ in the Code?

LINQ translates the LINQ queries into Collaborative Application Markup Language (CAML) queries thus adding an extra step for retrieving the items.

18. How is a Content type deployed?

Content Type can be deployed and associated with list using feature.

19. What is the scope of a content type?

A site content type becomes available to lists and document libraries within the site in which the content type is created and to the lists and document libraries in any child site.

20. What is an ancestral type and what does it have to do with content types?

An ancestral type is the base type that the content type is deriving from, such as Document (0x0101). The ancestral type will define the metadata fields that are included with the custom content type.

21. Can a list definition be derived from a custom content type?

Yes, a list definition can derive from a content type, which can be seen in the schema.XML of the list definition in the element.

22. When creating a list definition, how can a user create an instance of the list?

User can create a new instance of a list by creating an instance.XML file

24. When to use application pages?

1. These are generally used as administrative pages.
2. These pages can be used where we want to capture data.
3. These pages can be used for configuration pages.
4. These pages can be used where we want to restrict the users to customize the page.
5. Application pages can be used with any site or site collection or web application on same server.
6. These pages are used when we want to add custom code or inline code to the page.

25. What is difference between an Application page and a Custom aspx page in SharePoint 2010?

Application Page – Developer would typically use an application page when developer need some content that is merged with SharePoint master page. A master page enables application pages to share the same appearance and behavior as other pages on a site. Application page generally is deployed in _layouts and inherits the look and feel of the site that developer is using.
A Custom .net aspx page on the other hand would need content and master page tags in the page to make it inherit the look and feel of the site.

26. How to create a custom master page?

There are multiple ways to create custom master page files

1- By copying and editing existing master page.
2- By SharePoint Designer.
3- By editing minimal.master using editor.

27. How to apply a custom master page?

There are two ways to apply a custom master page

1. Custom Master Page can be deployed using SharePoint Feature by which master page gets uploaded to the master page gallery.
2. Custom master page can be uploaded directly in master page gallery library and apply the same master page using site and system master page option in Site Settings page by selecting Master Page option.

28. How to link the custom CSS file in the master page?

Custom CSS files can be linked to the master pages with the help of a class called Sharepoint:CssRegistration

29. If a developer creates a new CSS file then where should the file be stored?

The css file can be stored in two locations, either in the document library or in the layouts folder.

30. How to create custom Themes?

Custom themes can be created for SharePoint by two ways.

1- Creating a theme in Microsoft PowerPoint.
2- Themes can also be created with the help of Visual Studio.

31. What does safe control means?

SharePoint application runs in Full Trust mode. For Web Parts to work properly in SharePoint Sites, its entry in web.config file assures Full Trust to SharePoint Site as it is registered in the file as safe.

32. What is Custom Control?

Custom controls have a file extension as “.ascx”, and are shared across web applications. There is no visual designer for creating custom controls hence, user cannot drag and drop custom controls.

33. What is Content query web part?

Content query web part displays a dynamic set of items based on a query that user build by using a web browser. The query displays selected items. User can set presentation options to determine how these items are displayed on the finished page.

34. How to debug a web part?

A web parts can be debugged in visual studio using following steps.

1. Set the break points
2. Attach the ASP.Net w3wp.exe process
3. Debug by tracing, change trace level in web.config
< Trace enabled ="true" pageOutput = "true"/>

35. Can a modal dialog be displayed from a webpart?

Yes, a modal dialog can be displayed from within a webpart code since it is a JavaScript block that can be registered on the page.

36. While creating a Web part, which is the ideal location to initialize the web controls?

Override the CreateChildControls() method to include web controls. Developer can control the exact rendering of the controls by calling the Render method.

37. How will developer use WebParts or other solutions created in SharePoint 2007 in SharePoint 2010?

In SharePoint 2010 the 12 hive is now replaced by 14 hive, so developer will rewrite and recompile any code that refers to files and resources in “12″ hive. In addition to developer must recompile custom code written for Windows SharePoint Services 3.0 and Office SharePoint Server 2007 that does not run on IIS

38. Can Developer modify the Out-of-Box workflows in SharePoint 2010?

In SharePoint 2010, developer has an option to customize the Out-of-Box workflows. The four most popular workflows in SharePoint Server 2010 —

the Approval,
Collect Feedback,
Collect Signatures,
Publishing Approval workflows

— have been completely rebuilt as declarative reusable workflows, meaning that they are now fully customizable in SharePoint Designer 2010

39. When is workflow forms created? And how to customize it?

SharePoint Designer 2010 automatically generates the forms, but user can customize them by going to the settings page for the workflow, in the Forms section, click the form user want to customize. Workflow forms are either InfoPath or ASP.NET pages. They are stored on the SharePoint site with the workflow source files.

40. Where are the InfoPath forms published in SharePoint?

InfoPath forms are published in the Manage Form Template in Central Administration site or to a list or a form library in a site collection.

42. What is the scope of feature activation?

Feature can be activated or deactivated at various scopes throughout a SharePoint instances, such as farm level,
web application level,
site collection level,
web level, etc.…

43. What is the difference between feature definition and feature instance?

The feature definition is the set of source files in the Visual Studio 2010 project that is deployed using a solution package. Once deployed, a feature definition is a set of template files and components that reside on each front-end Web server. A feature instance is what is created when a user activates the feature definition

44. What are the minimum files required for a feature?

Every feature directory should contain at least one file namely feature.xml and should be placed in the root of the directory. But a feature directory can contain one or more xml files as well as resource files such as image files, css files or js files. A feature.xml file contains attributes like Id, Title, Description, Version, Scope, Hidden, and ImageURL.

45. What is hidden attribute in a feature?

Hidden attribute will take the value of True or False. If it is set to False, after installation the feature definition can be seen by administrators only.

46. What is Elements.xml file in Feature in SharePoint 2010?

Elements.xml file contains the actual feature element. It can contain elements like ListInstance, Field, ContentType, ListTemplate, Workflow, WorkflowActions etc.

47. What is Feature Receiver in SharePoint 2010, its base class along with the methods that needs to be override?

A Feature Receiver allows user to write event handlers in a managed programming language such as C# or Visual Basic. These event handlers are executed during feature specific events such as feature activation and feature deactivation. The base class is SPFeatureReceiver. The methods to be overridden are: FeatureActivating, FeatureActivated, FeatureDeactivating,FeatureDeactivated etc.

49. How can a feature be deployed?

There are two ways for deploying a feature
1- WSP builder via Visual Studio and activate solution from central admin.
2- Using STS Command, firstly install and then activate.

50. Where the feature receiver file needs to be deployed?

The feature receiver file needs to be deployed in Global Assembly cache (GAC).

51. What is a Manifest.xml File in SharePoint 2010?

Manifest.xml file contains the Meta data of a solution package. At the time of deployment, SharePoint inspects manifest.xml file to determine which template files it needs to copy into the SharePoint root directory.

52. Can a page be displayed as a modal dialog?

Yes, any page can be displayed as modal dialog. A Modal dialog takes options as a parameter and developer can specify the URL for any page usually saved in _layouts.

53-. What is Drop-Off Library?

The Drop Off Library will be the default destination when a user tries to upload a document to this site. This is used when user does not know that where should the document be uploaded in the site. In that case, user uploads the document in this library and the document is routed automatically to the specific library.

54-What is Routing Rules List?

The Routing Rules list, as its name implies, contains the rules for how a document is to be routed to its final destination. These rules are written to route the documents to their final and proper destination.

55. What is enterprise Metadata Management?

Enterprise metadata management (EMM) is a set of features introduced in Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 that enable taxonomists, librarians, and administrators to create and manage terms and sets of terms across the enterprise. There are two key principles in the use of metadata:
1. Use of tags: It is easy for a site to use enterprise wide tags and taxonomies, and easy for users to apply them.

2. Application of tags in SharePoint 2010: The document libraries are configured to use metadata as a primary navigation pivot and improves search.

56-Q. Timer Job

A. http://blogs.msdn.com/b/besidethepoint/archive/2011/11/13/sharepoint-timer-job-locks-and-scope.aspx

Timer Job base Class: SPJobDefinition

Timer Job worker process: OWSTimer.exe

SPJobLockType: 3 Types

1. None

2. ContentDatabase

3. Job

Member name	Description
None	Provides no locks. The timer job runs on every machine in the farm on which the parent service is provisioned, unless the job I associated with a specified server in which case it runs on only that server (and only if the parent service is provisioned on the server).
ContentDatabase	Locks the content database. A timer job runs one time for each content database associated with the Web application.
Job	Locks the timer job so that it runs only on one machine in the farm.

RealTime Sharepoint Interview Questions 5

What are WebPart properties, and what are some of the attributes you see when declaring WebPart properties in code?

WebPart properties are just like ASP.NET control properties, they are used to interact with and specify attributes that should be applied to a WebPart by a user. Some of the attributes you see with ASP.NET 2.0 properties are WebDescription, WebDisplayName, Category, Personalizable, and WebBrowsable. Although most of these properties come from the System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts class, ones like Category come out of System.ComponentModel namespace.

Why are properties important in WebPart development, and how have you exploited them in past development projects? What must each custom property have?

Properties are important because WebParts allow levels of personalization for each user. WebPart properties make it possible for a user to interact, adjust, and increase overall experience value with the programmatic assets that you develop without having the need to use an external editor or right any code. A very simple example of exploiting a property would be something like allowing the user to change the text on the WebPart design interface so that they can display whatever string of text they desire.

Each custom property that you have must have the appropriate get and set accessor methods.

What are ClassResources? How do you reference and deploy resources with an ASP.NET 2.0 WebPart?

ClassResources are used when inheriting from the SharePoint.WebPart.WebPartPages.WebPart base class, and are defined in the SharePoint solution file as things that should be stored in the wpresources directory on the server. It is a helpful directory to use in order to deploy custom images. In ASP.NET 2.0, typically things such as images are referenced by embedding them as resources within an assembly. The good part about ClassResources is they can help to eliminate recompiles to change small interface adjustments or alterations to external JavaScript files.

What is a SharePoint Solution File? How does it differ from WebPart .cab files in legacy development? What does it contain?

A SharePoint solution file is essentially a .cabinet file with all a developers ustom componets suffixed with a .wsp extension that aids in deployment. The big difference with SharePoint solution files is is that a solution:

allows deployment to all WFE’s in a farm

is highly manageable from the interface allowing deployment, retraction, and versioning

Can package all types of assets like site definitions, feature definitions (and associated components), Webparts, etc.

Can provide Code Access Security provisioning to avoid GAC deployments

And much more..

What is a .ddf file and what does it have to do with SharePoint Solution creation?

.ddf file is a data directive file and is used when building the SharePoint solution bundle specifying the source files and their destination locations. The important thing for someone to understand is that the .ddf file will be passed as a parameter to the MAKECAB utility to orchestrate construction of the SharePoint solution file.

What file does a SharePoint solution package use to orchestrate (describe) its packaged contents?

The solution Manifest.XML file.

What deployment mechanism can you use to instigate Code Access Security attributes for your WebParts?

SharePoint solution files can add in order to handle code access security deployment issues. This is done in the element in the SharePoint solution manifest.XML, which makes it easier to get assemblies the appropriate permissions in order to operate in the bin directory of the web application.

When would you use an event receiver?

What base class do event receivers inherit from?

Event receivers either inherit from the SPListEventReciever base class or the SPItemEventReciever base class, both which derive from the abstract base class SPEventReceiverBase.

If I wanted to not allow people to delete documents from a document library, how would I go about it?

You would on the ItemDeleting event set: properties.Cancel= true.

When running with SPSecurity.RunWithElevatedPrivileges (web context) what credentials are being used?

In a web context, this is the application pool identity. In a timer job and workflow, this will be the 'Windows SharePoint Timer Services' identity.

When should you dispose SPWeb and SPSite objects? And even more important, when not?

You should always dispose them if you created them yourself, but not otherwise. You should never dispose SPContext.Current.Web/Site and you should normally not dispose SPWeb if IsRootWeb is true. More tricky constructs are things along the line of SPList.ParentWeb.

Also dispose each web when iterating over SPWeb.Webs

Also dispose SPLimitedWebPartManager's SPWeb property (.web)

What base classes do event receivers inherit from?

SPListEventReceiver, SPItemEventReciever, and SPWebEventReceiver inherit from the abstract base class SPEventReceiverBase.

SPWorkflowLibraryEventReceiver inherits from SPItemEventReceiver.

SPEmailEventReceiver inherits directly from System.Object.

What are the built in ways to backup a SharePoint install?

A: Through the central administration and the stsadm command

(more advanced) You've created and deployed a Web Part, when you deploy to the server you get a page saying your Web Part couldn't be loaded, click here to go to the Web Part maintenance page, etc. to disable the web part. What step(s) should you take to get a stack dump from your web part instead of that error page?

Go to the web.config file for your website and find the CallStack Attribute in the SafeControls element and set the value to true

How would you programmatically retrieve a list item?

SPQuery and SPSiteDataQuery. Bonus points for knowledge of CrossListQueryCache, PortalSiteMapProvider. Negative points for use of foreach.

What are the data types which are supported as Lookup column in SharePoint.

Only Single Line of Text and Calculated columns are supported as lookup columns.

how can debugging share point application and timer jobs ? with steps?

build application place .dll into gac and reset iis
On the Debug menu, select Attach to Process
select the Show processes from all users check box.
select W3W.exe and OSWTIMER.exe can attach
refresh sharepoint site point break point

what is web part?

Web Parts are the fundamental building blocks for Share Point user interface, and with them we can build and integrate many different types of applications.In share point also be create custom web part using .oscx control

steps create custom web part

create web part project copied .oscx control and build application.place .dll file in GAC .reset IIS.
go 12 hive _layout folder create folder past your .oscx control
go inetpub ->wwwroot->wss->open Your site ->web con fig->create safe control write assembly information of web part application
open sharepoint site ->site action-site editing->Galleries ->web part->new Add your web part.

follow few web part in WSS 3.0

Content Editor Web Part
Data View Web Part
List View Web Part
Image Web Part
Members Web Part .
Page Viewer Web Part

What are the advantages of SharePoint Portal Services (SPS) over SharePoint Team Services (STS)?
harePoint Portal Services (SPS) has MUCH better document management. It has check-in, check-out, versioning, approval, publishing, subscriptions, categories, etc. STS does not have these features, or they are very scaled back. SharePoint Portal Services (SPS) has a better search engine, and can crawl multiple content sources. STS cannot. STS is easier to manage and much better for a team environment where there is not much Document Management going on. SPS is better for an organization, or where